The walls and ceilings of a public building had been rough plastered with adamant three months before they finished with two coats of a cold water kalsomine. The painter was told that with this preparation no size was necessary, but found, no matter how much he applied for first coat, the surface absorbed all, yet on applying the second coat, two days afterward, the paint worked as sleek as if ove…
You cannot stipple over a varnished surface, because stippling is always done with water color. In graining the stipple is always applied directly on the ground, the dry color being mixed as a rule with equal parts of water and stale ale or beer, rubbed on with a sponge in small spaces at a time and pounced or stippled with blender or dry brush. When all the surface has been thus stippled and beco…
No matter what material you are going to use it will not adhere or serve the purpose, unless the tank is drained well and premitted to dry out thoroughly.
Where glue size will not stop the suction in walls or ceilings, a varnish size is the best remedy.
A house, built about ten years, had been painted three times. After the last painting it peeled badly. The first time it was painted it received three coats of white lead and color; the second time, two coats of red paint, and the third time two coats of light paint, which the painter said was pure lead and linseed oil. The trimming has always been cream color ; it has peeled badly in places, whil…
We do not know where a good substitute for gutta percha may be procured, but can recommend the following composition as being a good insulator and considerably cheaper than the pure article: Eighteen parts by weight of pitch, 9 parts by weight of calcium hydrate (slaked lime), 24 parts by weight of pure gutta percha.
We are sorry to say that we cannot tell you of a good substitute for linseed oil, as we should be very glad ourselves to find or know of something that would actually take the place of that paint medium, and yet cost us only one-half or one-third as much. The fact is that the oils that are as good and in some respects better than linseed oil cost as much or more than the latter, while some of the …
A barn was primed with gray ocher as a pigment and an oil that is manufactured in the South and sold under a fancy name as a boiled paint oil and claimed to be equal, if not superior, to linseed oil. Three days after painting a finishing coat of white lead tinted with lamp black was given, thinned with boiled linseed oil. In three weeks the job began to crack and finally peeled, the undercoat bein…
A new house in the South had the interior woodwork of Georgia pine finished with hard oil. The walls were plastered, the work being finished two weeks before the varnishing was done, and the palster apparently being dry. The hearth was cemented and very damp. While the varnish was applied the weather was fine and the wood dried nicely, but a few days later the weather was warm and rainy and the at…
Paint made in the proper way and baked on thoroughly will not crack or peel off from sheet iron or sheet steel when the metal is bent. Such a paint is best made from colors that are ground fine in paste form in pure boiled linseed oil and reduced to liquid form with a good, elastic baking varnish, which is applied in a flowing coat and immediately, before it has time to set too hard, placed into t…
To detect the presence of mineral oil in linseed oil, place some of the suspected oil in a large test tube, and add to it a concentrated solution of soda or potash, shaking it well ; then adding some warm water and shaking again. Let the tube stand undisturbed about twenty or thirty minutes and the mineral oil, if present, will separate from the soap which has been formed by the linseed oil and so…
Good animal glue, when soaked in cold water, should swell considerably, should not discolor the water to any great extent, nor should it give off much soluble matter to cold water, and, above all, it should not give off a disagreeable, sour or moldy odor. Even when digested for twenty-four or forty-eight hours in cold water it must not become liquid enough to flow, but when heated at a temperature…
Carefully weigh a piece of the soap to be tested, cut it into thin chips or slices, then place it into soft water to which has been added a handful of ordinary table salt, set the pot on a slow fire until it comes to a boil.
The very simplest method is to draw a small portion of the suspected article into a clean vessel and place a drop thereof on a clean piece of white paper (letter file paper is best) and watch for the disappearance of the spot made by the drop. Unless the spot has disappeared completely and the paper assumed its original condition within five or six minutes the turpentine is either adulterated with…
A light blue tint was mixed with lead, zinc and Chinese blue and placed in a tightly-corked bottle. Three lots were mixed, using the same quantity of blue, but varying proportions of lead and zinc. On opening the same, three years later, the color was a cream tint, varying in shade in each bottle. Each of these tints was painted on a strip of glass and exposed to the sun at noon. By the next morni…
Liquid wood fillers are used on account of cheapness in place of shellac varnish for filling soft woods like white pine, etc., but will not produce good results on hard pine counter tops.
We have referred this question to a thoroughly experienced painter, who says: "There is a great diversity of opinion on this subject, and it is a difficult task to give an impartial answer. Metallic brown has been the orthodox material for roof painting these many years, and it has given the utmost satisfaction wherever I have employed it, providing the roofs were in fit condition to be painted. F…
We do not recommend any particular brand of paint for this purpose, but would say that a great deal depends upon the condition of the metal, upon local conditions and upon the quality of the paint. Graphite, mineral brown, red oxide, Venetian red and even coal tar have given more or less satisfaction, and we believe that if graphite, metallic paint or Venetian red are well prepared and mixed with …
The wax that has the highest melting point is best for the purpose, because of its hardness after application.
The spikes of an iron railing were painted with gold bronze, which turned black in less than four months. The bronzing liquid that was bought by the painter became thick, and was thinned with turps. While an inferior bronzing liquid may have a bad effect on the bronze when the powder is mixed with the liquid and kept for any length of time, it cannot be due to the quality of the liquid in this cas…
When using bronzing liquid, never add turps, for the acid in the turpentine will, sometimes in two or three weeks, change the color of bronze. The best thing to add, when bronzing liquid becomes too thick or gummy, is benzine, which is a more volatile thinner than turpentine. A great deal depends on the ground you put liquid bronze on. For outside work, which is generally painted in oil color, it …
A soap is made from linseed oil and caustic soda, which is precipitated with a solution of common salt and then filtered. Then a solution is made of four parts of vitriol of copper and one part of vitriol of iron in hot water, which is added to the above filtrate, when a floculent precipitate is formed that contains oxide of copper and iron in combination with the fatty acids of the soap and is re…
Our space is too limited to give in detail all the causes that lead to this very bad feature, which makes paint not only difficult to prepare for spreading, but in most cases utterly worthless in point of durability.
Moldy patches came out on brickwork having a northern exposure, that had been painted the year before. There seems to he no reasonable doubt but that the brick work you refer to was either full of moisture before you painted it, or there is a leak in the roof, which allows moisture to get into the brick work back of your paint. The soluble salts in the mortar or in the brick itself become dissolve…
A painter puts the glass into the sash one day and paints the next; but when the sash is hung, and he starts to finish, he often finds the paint peeled from the putty, especially at the bottom of the sash.
A veteran in the varnish business describes pitting as presenting innumerable pinholes in varnished surfaces, and the causes as manifold.
Gloss oil is a term largely applied in the South and West to a mixture of ordinary rosin and benzine. Its manufacture is very simple and it may be done in the cold way by powdering the rosin and stirring it into the benzine (or naptha, as many are wont to call it), until it is dissolved, or. the rosin may be melted in a kettle over a fire, then removed to a safe distance and the benzine poured int…
To prevent shellac from darkening it must not be kept in metal packages such as tin or iron.
There is quite a difference between the products sold under the names mentioned. Benzine, or petroleum spirit, is one of the products obtained by the distillation of crude petroleum, by which three products are had, namely, naphtha, kerosene and residuum. The naphtha is treated with sulphuric acid to refine it, then washed with caustic soda, which treatment produces gasoline and benzine. Gasoline …
French yellow is simply yellow or French ochre under another name, and will remain "sticky" or "cleave off" when put on a greasy surface that has been cleaned with soap or lye and has not been rinsed thoroughly. Ocher in oil is not a good thing to paint floors with, unless it be an unpainted floor in very porous condition or on very spongy wood. To apply it over old paint or hard wood, nice yellow…
Crayons are usually made up of color and some substance that will dilute the color to the desired shade. The substance must have the required softness and tenacity, so as to adhere readily to paper, when rubbed over it or against it. To form the crayons a wooden block is used that has half a dozen or more cylindrical holes of the intended diameter of the crayons bored through it. and these are fil…
Barytes is the trade or commercial name for sulphate of barium, otherwise barium sulphate, which are the chemical terms for the mineral known as heavy spar, after it has been bleached, washed and ground into a fine powder after drying. Blanc fixe is artificial barytes, very much finer in texture and more opaque than the ordinary kind. It is also known as permanent white, baryta white, etc., and is…
This will happen . to the purest and best white lead in oil on long standing, and is due in such cases to the high specific gravity of white lead, the oil not being of sufficient body to hold all of the lead in suspension.
You must not use gasoline for thinning varnish at any time, as it is entirely too volatile.
The cracking of the varnish on outside grained doors may be due to inelastic varnish or to a ground that is too oily, or to the varnish being applied before the ground work and graining color is dry.
The simplest method is to make warm soapsuds, to which a little ammonia is added, say one tablespoonful of household ammonia to a quart of the suds, and apply to the ornaments with a soft brush. When clean and white, rinse thoroughly in clear water. If this treatment is not effective enough, make milk of lime (a little air slaked lime in water, which has the color of milk) and immerse the ornament…
First thoroughly dust off the walls and ceilings wherever the paper to be cleaned may be.
The following from an excellent authority is highly recommended.
Turn over the chairs, and with sponge and very hot water rub off the caned part.
We have seen men climb poles over ioo feet in height without anything but their stockings on, while others came down again in a hurry before they were up 25 feet.
A cure was wanted for cellar walls that have become moldy from dampness. You do not state the cause of moisture nor the condition of the walls, whether they are rough or smooth plastered, cemented or in the crude. However, we can give you one of the latest methods, which is said to be very successful as a cure for dampness and mold. If at all possible, a portable furnace is placed in the cellar or…
There is no composition known to us which would hold cloth on polished marble or other stone, because the polish would not permit adhesion.
If the work is rough in places, sponge with clear, cold water ; when dry, sandpaper thoroughly. Fill with a good paste filler well rubbed in with tow and pad, and clean off with excelsior and cheesecloth. Sandpaper with No. o sandpaper, give two, coats of grain alcohol shellac, sandpaper well between coats, and then give one coat of cabinet polishing varnish, rub down well with curled hair to a pe…
The late Prof. R. Bottger, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, employed a process for fixing bronze colors on glass, etc., which consists in using differently colored fine bronze powder, together with a concentrated potash water glass solution of 3o degs. B. After the articles to be bronzed have been very thinly and uniformly coated with the water glass solution by the use of a fine brush the bronze powder …
Dissolve your glue as usual, and place it in a glass jar or earthen dish, and while still warm add to the solution one ounce of strong nitric acid for every pound of glue used in making the solution.
Assuming that this question relates to paste for distemper painting we would say that in such case, inasmuch as cassel brown is unaffected by alkalies, you may mix your dry brown with some soda lye of 20 deg.
Mix one pint boiled linseed oil with one-half pint of strong vinegar, and after cleansing the bar or counter tops with lukewarm water, take a woolen cloth saturated with above mixture and rub briskly over all parts of the top until clean and polished.
Take one-half pound pure Para rubber, cut into small pieces and dissolve in enough disulphide of carbon to make a liquid mass of the consistency of thin syrup.
The proper way to make the paste is to take two pounds best wheat flour and one pound of starch, mix each separately in cold water to a stiff batter, beating out all the lumps, then thin with more cold water to a pudding-like batter, mix the flour and starch batters in a pail; have some boiling hot water ready in which has been dissolved one and one-half ounces of alum, which pour on the batter gradually while stirring the mass vigorously until the paste swells and thickens, meanwhile turning darker.
Add to the dry plaster before mixing with water from 2 to 4 per cent. by weight of finely pulverized marshmallow root, and you will find that it will require a full hour for the mass to set hard.
Plush was to be fastened on the bottom of certain heavy tin boxes to prevent scratching the tops of tables on which they were placed.
Dissolve one-fourth pound white or yellow beeswax in a pint of turpentine in a steam bath, same as glue is dissolved. It is best to slice the wax first, as it will dissolve more readily that way. When this is added to one quart of varnish, the mixture will dry nearly flat. if an eggshell gloss is desired, only half the quantity of wax and turps should be added to a quart of varnish. The wearing pr…
We are told by several experienced painters that the addition of a very small portion of clear water will accomplish your purpose. Beat up your keg lead first with a paddle, then stir in your water until it unites with the lead, add your coloring matter and drier and reduce to working consistency with pure turpentine. The small portion of water present in the paint will do no harm, as it will evap…
The tools required for gilding on glass, wood or iron are very few in number.
To make a good and durable job, the paint should be baked, but if this is out of the question, it must be air dried.
Pulverize one ounce of hard gum copal, put it into a bottle, and add to the powder one ounce each of bisulphide of carbon and benzine and two ounces each of methylated spirits and spirits of turpentine.
The best way to cover a ceiling with muslin is to use good strong muslin ; have it sewed together in one piece and tack it on one side first, using six-ounce tacks ; then on one end and so on, taking care to pull it fairly tight, until the remaining side is tacked on.
The yellowing off of zinc white on interior work may be traced to several causes, such as carelessness in dusting or cleaning of walls and ceilings, preparatory to painting, insufficient ventilation and the shutting out of light afterwards, the placing of furniture, etc., too close to the walls, but principally to the thinner used with zinc white, such as dark oil, dark driers, and the use of too …
Rosin is the least costly and best article for the adulteration of shellac. It is readily soluble in 95 per cent. wood alcohol, especially when done in a water bath. With bleached shellac. W. W. or W. G. rosin is the best grade, for orange shellac F or G rosin will serve the purpose. If wanted to adulterate the gum shellac itself, the shellac and rosin are simply melted together, brought into desi…
For new woodwork use two parts of ammonia and one part spirits of turpentine to remove the specks. The ammonia will readily clean off the spots and the turpentine will keep the ammonia from raising the grain of the wood. For filled wood take fine sandpaper or dry pumice stone, powdered, and rub over the surface lightly, then dust. How to Make Quick Drying Size for Aluminum Leaf and Gold Leaf. A go…
Brush the putty over with muriatic acid, and, if necessary, repeat the operation several times ; then remove with putty knife in the usual way.
To remove wax from floors use benzine or gasoline and a good scrubbing brush ; give the benzine time to soften the wax. To remove the shellac from floors use amylacetate, acetone, wood alcohol and fusel oil, but have plenty of ventilation in the room. ? Virtue or Value in Paint Made from Paint Skins. There are several ways to recover useful material from paint skins that are fairly oily and soft, …
Make a strong solution of rock potash in boiling hot water and apply with a sponge to the stains.
A painter was called on to restore the original color of so-called enameled bricks on a building where evidently the builder had used two kinds of bricks, as one-half the front is all right, and the other half appears as if lamp black had been spilled over it. The color of the bricks is gray. Muriatic acid, in various degrees of dilution, had been tried without success. We are unable to assist you…
Manufacturers of good wood fillers are not in the habit of publishing formulas that have been perfected after continued studies and experiment, aside from the cost of these.
It depends very much on the kind of work you are to undertake and what you can afford to pay for your varnish.
in an apartment house in New York City, the wall of the elevator shaft projects some 12 feet above the roof, having a northern exposure. The inside of the shaft, which has a plaster finish, had been painted. This paint cracked and crumbled off, and in scraping away the loose paint it would all fall away. The painter thought this was due to saltpeter. To cure it he put in new plaster mixed with wat…
If the floors are well dressed and smooth sandpapered, proceed by giving two or, three coats of white shellac varnish.
The scratches and indentures from shoenails will surely show through any coat or coats of varnish that may be applied, unless, the floor is sandpapered first with coarse and then with smooth sandpaper. The sandpapering must be done with the grain of the wood or the scratches made by it will also show through the varnish. If two coats of varnish are not considered too expensive, I would recommend a…
Although many efforts have been made to produce such a paint as our correspondent desires, they have all met with failure. If oxide of iron paints fade it is due to the diluting mineral base that is used to cheapen them. If they turn white, it is due to inferior oil being employed in their makeup. If strong in oxide of iron and ground in and thinned with pure linseed oil and oil driers, they will …
The painter can do a much neater job in exterior house painting by a moderate use of turpentine, because it will allow the paint to lie down closer to the surface and level itself more uniformly, pro?lucing a sort of linseed oil varnish effect. The painter must exercise his judgment, as conditions of surface and the state of the weather have considerable bearing upon the amount of turps that can s…
A few years ago the Government used a cheap white or buff-colored water paint on lighthouses and the stone surrounding them, which stood fairly well. The paint in question is, or was, prepared as follows: One-half bushel of lime is slaked with boiling water and kept covered during the slaking process to keep in the steam. When cold, it is strained through an ordinary sieve or paint strainer, then …
A formula was asked for a cement for molding small objects that require delicately fine lines of cast, such as engraved plates. It must be unshrinkable, harden quickly and resist pressure of heat. For this purpose there is none better than Jannin's cement, so named after the patentee, a resident of France. It is simply a mixture of oxide of lead and glycerine, in suitable proportions to meet requi…
We do not especially advocate the use of boiled oil, but do believe that for slow drying pigments it is far better to use a pure kettle-boiled linseed oil than to use raw oil and dose it heavily with cheap Japan driers.
A sample submitted, although containing a certain percentage of carbon, does not come within the strict sense of the term carbon black. The proper name for it among paint men is mineral black, because, aside from carbon, it contains slates in very large proportion. It is a fine specimen of the same paint material that is mined in the neighborhood of Muncy, Pa., and is sold under such names as Key …
In all cases see that the floor is clean, well planed and dry, put on a coat of three parts boiled oil, one part turpentine and one part japan, which may be colored, if desirable, with such coloring matter as will give the proper effect, but only enough coloring should be given to produce a stain, not a paint, so as to permit the grain of the wood to appear. When this is dry, apply a coat of paste…
If you wish to paint whitewashed walls or ceilings in oil or water and make a durable job, soften the whitewash with a wash made of one pound potash, dissolved in ten quarts of soft water, applying it repeatedly over the surface with a large sponge, then scrape off. However, if the whitewash adheres well, you can save yourself the expense of removing it, and bind it with a glue size, over which yo…
When varnish, has become chilled, it will show a soiled or sandy surface.
A treatment is wanted for an old walnut table top, that will prevent the cloth from sticking to the varnish when hot dishes are placed on it. The fault lies in the varnish, if a moderate amount of heat makes the tablecloth stick to the varnish. Very likely the varnish is not made of a hard enough gum, as anything in the varnish line is frequently considered good enough for furniture. This may be s…
Place one ounce of pulverized gum shellac and one pint of rnythylated spirit in a bottle, which cork tightly.
The so-called "banana oil" is not the only medium for mixing with aluminum bronze, but it is about the best medium for exterior bronzing, because, in spite of its quick drying, it retains its elasticity under 'severe exposure and has no discoloring effect upon the bronze.
Vellum is a fine kind of parchment prepared from the skins of calves, lambs, or goat kids. The skins are immersed in time, then shaved, washed and stretched on frames, where they are scraped and trimmed with the currier's fleshing knife. Next thy are carefully rubbed to smoothness with pumice stone and finally polished with French chalk or fresh slaked lime, finely sifted and then dried. A bluish …
Venetian red is an oxide of iron, more or less diluted by a natural gangue. Gangue is the native earth, silicate of alumina, lime, manganek, sometimes magnesia or anything in that line that is associated in nature with the red oxide of iron. Venetian red may be a native red or it may be made artificially from copperas (sulphate of iron) with oyster shell lime or limestone in a furnace and may rang…
As you, no doubt, know white and black are not colors, the first representing light and the other all absence thereof. When the two are mixed, a gray is produced, representing in its various depths the stage from light to darkness or vice versa. Whenever black predominates, the color is cool or cold ; if white is in large proportion, the tint may be said to be warm in tone, or in solid colors, whe…
If your wall paper has been varnished properly, you can clean it by first dusting off with a counter duster and then washing down with soapsuds and soft sponge, using a soft brush for extra dirty spbts, but we would advise you to first try it on an out-of-the-way spot in order to see whether the paper will stand this treatment. If it does, then proceed ; but be very careful to sponge down with cle…
The difficulty in painting comparatively fresh cement surfaces is not so much in the selection of the paint material, as in preparing the surface itself, so as to isolate or neutralize whatever caustic properties there may be that would tend to destroy the vehicle and, to some extent, the color of the paint. We consider it perfectly' safe to-coat a cement surface that is one year old and has been …
The following will stand heat and water : T.
Weathered oak is the effect given the wood by exposure to the elements, and it is only necessary to bring about a similar effect more quickly by artificial means. Water color stains do not penetrate deep enough into the wood to make the effect strong enough, hence solutions of other material than color are being employed for the purpose. Aqua ammonia alone, applied with a rag or brush repeatedly, …
? ' We are not familiar with the special treatment of waxes that are to be used on glazed papers, but would say that, with some slight modification that may be required after a trial, the following method may answer as well on glazed paper as on other kinds. Dissolve paraffin wax in benzine in a hot water bath, and apply the warm solution to the paper with a sponge, laying the sheets between flann…
If the work is hard wood, use paste filler and shellac varnish to obtain a surface.
The following method is for a first class finish, regardless of cost: For the very best class of wax finish, see that your wood is smooth finished and well dusted. Fill the open grained woods with paste hardwood filler in the usual way, and when dry sandpaper. Then give two coats, at least, of shellac varnish, rub down well with fine flint paper and apply two or three coats of best polishing varni…
We have never heard of laurel oil and do not know its characteristics, but have no doubt that it has a pungent odor similar to cedar oil, whose odor is very effective in driving away moths. Oil of pennyroyal is very effective in keeping mosquitoes out of rooms when kept in an uncorked bottle, but we have no knowledge whether the odor of any of these oils would he strong enough in the open air to k…
A large square dwelling, with a kitchen annex was painted two coats Colonial yellow with light olive trimmings. The sides of the house were weatherboarded, while the kitchen was sheathed with vertical boards ten inches wide, the joints being covered with four-inch batten strips. When the work was finished the kitchen annex appeared three shades brighter than the body of the house, and there was no…
Bole is a pigment similar to clay, and occurs in white, gran, red, brown and yellow color.
Burgundy pitch is an impure rosin prepared from the spruce fir of Norway.
Hydraulic lime is a species of lime that hardens under water or which can be used in making hydraulic cement.
Roughstuff is used by the carriage painter, the car painter and to some extent by those that paint and ornament very fine machinery.
The best stucco is said to be composed of plaster of paris (calcined gypsum) that has been steeped in a saturated solution of alum and recalcined, then reduced to a powder. For use as a stucco, it is mixed with water, same as the ordinary plaster of paris. A Simple Method for the Detection of Mineral Oil in Linseed Oil. Keep in your shop a strip of clear window glass, say about 3 by 8 inches, coat…
A large book could be written on this subject alone, and limit of space allows us to mention only very few of the causes that make linseed oil lose its gloss more rapidly than it should. Chief among them is the inveterate use of liquid or lightning driers or japans and turpentine. Next comes the practice of giving only two coats, where three are required. The too rapid application of the final coa…
The following formula was found in an old book on painting for making outside paint : One part in bulk of water lime ground fine and two parts in bulk of white lead in oil, thoroughly mixed. The author of the book in question used the term water lime to describe water slaked lime, to distinguish it from air slaked lime. When caustic lime has been thoroughly slaked with an excess of water and allow…
We do not know what white ocher should be, as we never heard of such a pigment or saw it advertised in the lists issued by paint makers as an orthodox paint. China clay, among the white pigments, is the nearest approach to ocher, so far as its chemical constituents come into the question. But it is well known that China clay has but little covering power as an oil paint, and therefore it must be t…
Whiting is prepared from white chalk or carbonate of lime, large deposits of which are found nearly everywhere, especially in England and France.
The entrance to a coal mine, 562 feet deep, was to be painted.
A bathroom was painted with Tuscan red and varnished. Seven years later it was repainted in white - two coats of lead and two coats of zinc in damar varnish. Twenty months later the door of the bath room began to turn red, dnd four months afterward it looked as if it had been given a thin coat of cherry stain. The rest of the woodwork in 'the room had not changed, except in a few places where it h…
A house located on a hill, with no shrubbery within twenty feet, was painted white with good white lead and linseed oil, but turned black on the sides not fully exposed to the sun.
A house was painted in the spring, using a certain brand of pure white lead and oil. The base of the porch columns and window casings on the north and east sides turned black in four months. It was painted again the next year by another firm, and come out blacker than ever in less than two months. The base of the columns are paneled and seem so porous the paint sinks right in. Originally the house…
A house was painted a medium shade of gray, made from pure white lead in oil and dry lamp black thinned with linseed oil. In four months the house had turned white in spots and was chalking as freely as though it had been painted four or five years. To be frank, we are unable to tell the exact cause of chalking, but will say that it is a bad error to make a paint of white lead in oil and use dry l…
A painter, who bought white lead in 25o pound kegs, kept water on top of the lead after opening package, but in a few days found a thick crust or gummed-up layer on top that had to be run through a hand mill before it could be used.
That white lead in oil does not make a good priming paint for iron is certain, but the subject is too extensive a one to be explained in these columns. White lead does not have the oxidizing influence on linseed oil that red lead has, and therefore it does not become so hard and cement like, nor has it the opacity of red lead. White lead makes a porous paint with linseed oil, and the more hydrate …
We have no exact data at hand as to the origin of the term white ocher, and our earliest recollection of its existence dates back about twelve years, when it made its first appearance in some Western towns. It is now generally sold by jobbers as white or priming ocher, and is, no doubt, another fancy name, invented by some enterprising paint grinder or salesman for one of the so-called combination…
A mixture of one-third fluoric acid and two-thirds liquid ammonia.
When varnish contains very little oil, or when made from inferior material or when it is made, as a prominent chemist and varnish maker puts it, from resinate of lime only, then it will always show this undesirable effect.
Use a ground made from about 25 pounds of pure white lead in oil, 3 pounds medium chrome yellow, 5 pounds Venetian red with enough burnt umber to make a color resembling dirty copper. Apply as many coats as are required to give a good surface, making the last coat so as to dry semi-flat. When dry and hard, apply copper bronze, dry or wet, as you choose, using a good outside varnish, thinned with t…
We now turn to the yellows, which will complete the list. Here we have first the chromes, which may be had in five or six shades, as canary, lemon, medium, orange, deep orange and even extra dark orange. They are so well known that it is sufficient to say that their value to the painter lies in their purity of tone and tinting strength. Permanent or perfect yellow is chromate of zinc, and much mor…