LANFRANCO GIROLAMA and his son Giacomo had a fabrique at Pesaro.
LANTERNIER, A., Limoges.
LAO-TSEU, or Cheou-las, the Chinese god of longevity.
LA ROCHELLE, CHARENTE-INFERIEURE. A manufactory probably existed here early in the seventeenth century, though nothing very precise on this subject is known. In 1721 a potter named Catarnet started a manufactory, but probably owing to lack of funds it had but a brief existence, as in the following year we find him addressing the General Hospital asking them to establish on their grounds and at the…
LA SEINIE, Hte.
LASSI, JOSEPH.
LAUGER, Professor MAX, Carlsruhe, Baden. Having learned the art of pottery among the sturdy artisans of Kandern (who make cooking utensils of quaint shapes, using only six colors in their decoration), inaugurated a society formed of artists from beyond the Rhine. He formed an intimacy with a celebrated chemist of Munich, Max von Heider, but later banished him absolutely from his workshop. Von Heid…
LAUGHLIN CHINA CO., East Liverpool, 0.
LAURIN, BOURG-LA-REINE.
LEAD GLAZE.
LEE, JOSEPH G. Secretary and treasurer of the Knowles, Taylor & Knowles Co., East Liverpool, 0. of about $150,000 per year was being done, the affair was thrown into chancery. In 1825 a settlement was effected and the business passed by purchase into the hands of Mr. Samuel Wainright. At his death in 1832 the trustees carried on the business - as the "Leeds Pottery Company," until 1840, when it wa…
LEEK.
LEIHAMER, ABRAHAM, an artist at the Kiel works about 1760.
LEKKERKERK, Holland.
LESSORE, EMILE. This talented artist was born in 1805. He was intended for the law, but gave this up for an art life, and entered the studio of Ingres. His first picture was exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1831 - a rare distinction for so young a man. He continued to exhibit oil and water colors, which were eagerly bought at high prices. In 1851 he was induced to enter the Royal works of Sevres, w…
LEVAVASSEUR, JACQUES NICOLAS.
LILLE. The first manufactory was founded in this city in 1696 by Jacques Feburier, or Febvrier, a modeler from Tournay, and Jean Bossu, a faience painter. Feburier died in 1729, and his widow, in connection with her son-in-law, Francois Boussemaert, continued the business, attaining such a measure of success that Boussemaert, in his application to the King for the right to use the title of "Royal …
LIMBACH, Saxe Meningen.
LIMOGES. Mr. Marryatt gives the following history of the early days of Limoges : "Soon after the discovery of kaolin at St. Yrieix, Gabriel Grellet, supported by the Minister Turgot, established a porcelain manufactory at Limoges by an arrct dated 1773, which granted him permission to export his porcelain without duties, the mark to be "C. D." In 1784 his fabrique was purchased by the King as a br…
LINDOS, Island of Rhodes. It is to the researches of M. Salzmann, Consul of Trance, at Rhodes, that we owe our knowledge of the pottery of Lindos, established, according to all probability, by Heron de Villeneuve, twenty-fifth grand master of the order of St. John in Jerusalem from 1319 to 1346. According to the traditions gathered by M. Salzmann, a galley of this order, having captured a great Tu…
LITTLER, WILLIAM, Longton Hall, Staffordshire, is credited with having been the first to use oxide of cobalt as a ground for salt glaze ware. He commenced business about 1745 and these blue glazed pieces may be assigned to between that date and 175o. He afterward made china, two specimens being authenticated by the handwriting of Enoch Wood and appear to have been made as early as 1752. From adver…
LIVERPOOL. This city was the seat of an important pottery industry early in the eighteenth century, when painted Delft ware was produced in considerable quantities, the art having spread from Lambeth to Bristol, and from thence to Liverpool. R. Chaffers & Co. were manufacturing china there in 1756, and Christian was engaged in the same business about ten years later. A contemporary of the latter w…
LOCRE, JEAN-BAPTISTE.
LODI, Italy.
LONGPORT, Staffordshire.
LONGTON.
LONGWY.
LONHUDA.
LOOSDRECHT, near Utrecht.
LORETTO, Italy.
LORETTO. The Italian majolica presented to the Santa Casa at Loretto are of historic interest. Duke Guidobaldo II., a great patron of the ceramic art, with a view of improving the character of the designs, bought for the use of the Urbino artists original drawings by Raffaelle and engravings of Marc Antonio from that master's designs. Some of these were executed by Orazio Fontana and were subseque…
LORRAINE, TERRE DE. By this name are designated the white faiences, particularly busts, statuettes and groups, either in biscuit or white enamel, which were made in the latter half of the last century at Luneville, St. Clement, Bellevue, near Toul, Niederwiller, etc., for which models were made by Cyffle, Lemire, Guibal and other less known artists. Many of these with the words "Terre de Lorraine"…
LOYAL, CHARLES. (See Luneville.) Luc DELLA ROBBIA. ("Made work in clay as it were eternal." - Vasari.) Born about 1400, he commenced life as a goldsmith, afterward becoming a sculptor. His biographers differ as to the reason that induced him to turn his attention to pottery, one stating that it was a desire to accelerate his work to enable him to execute his numerous orders ; another, that he was …
LUDWIGSBURG, Wiirtemberg.
LUNEVILLE. Founded in 1729 by Jacques Chambrette. The styles of Rouen and Strasburg were followed, and the factory soon became one of the most important in Lorraine. The business grew to such proportions that Chambrette soon had to build two other factories, one at Luneville and the other at St. Clement, six miles distant. King Stanislas was a patron of the works, and when in 1758 Chambrette died …
LYMAN, FENTON & Co. (See United States Pottery, Bennington, Vt.) produced in Europe, and which if potters can by experiment learn so to use it that. different colors can be produced as desired will practically restore td modern uses the lost Saracen and Italian lusters." 1 think it was Mr.
LYONS. Italian workmen introduced into Lyons the potting industry, and Italian styles generally prevailed. We have knowledge of Sebastian Griffo of Genoa in 1556; of Jean Francois of Pesaro a little later ; of Julien Gambin and Domenico Tardessir. of Faenza, who obtained letters patent from Henry III., but then all information ceases until 1733, and the production seems to have been confined to wh…
MADDOCK POTTERY COMPANY, Trenton, N. J. This concern was organized in 1893. The plant formerly occupied by the Trenton China Company was purchased, and the young firm quickly developed such ability as to place them at once in the front ranks of American manufacturers. In addition to a line of dinner, tea and toilet ware, they turned their attention to jardinieres, pedestals and umbrella stands, in…
MAESTRO.
MAJOLICA. The glazed earthenware of Italy was originally termed majolica, or maiolica, the word being probably derived from the Island of Majorca (q. v.), with which the Italians had frequent intercourse dating from the twelfth century. Later, a distinction was made between the early. wares painted and lustered on a white slip, which was termed mezza-majolica, to distinguish it from the later ware…
MAJORCA, the largest of the Balearic Islands, had as early as 1442 an extensive trade in pottery with various Italian towns ; and this probably accounts for the fact that the bulk of the HispanoMoresque potteryspecimens have been found in Italy.
MALAGA, Spain.
MALING, C.
MANDARIN VASES.
MANGHETT I & SON, Bologna.
MAN ISES, Valencia, Spain. Beautifully gilded and painted faience was produced here of such quality as to call forth from an old author the expression that they had enraptured the whole world to such an extent that dukes, cardinals and princes sent their orders there. It was at Manises that the manufacture of azulejos was commenced. The use of copper luster has continuously existed here, evidence …
MANUFACTURE OF POTTERY. Clay is by no means the sole ingredient of pottery, nor is this even its principal use, as there is more clay used in the adulteration of fabrics than in the manufacture of pottery. Savage tribes were not long in discovering that some other substance was needed to make the clay retain its shape during the firing, and used ground shells, etc., for the purpose. Different bodi…
MARANS, near La Rochelle.
MARBLED WARE.
MARIGNAC, France.
MARSDEN TILE Co., Burslem.
MARSEILLES. The faiences of Marseilles, decorated on the glaze, certainly merit to be classed among the most beautiful productions in French ceramics of the last half of the eighteenth century. A rare series of plates, painted with marine subjects in rose, rival the works of the best porcelain painters of that time. Of the nine manufactories in activity about 1770, those whose products deserve sp…
MARTRES, France.
MARUM, PETRUS VAN, master potter established at Delft in 1759 at the Sign of the Roman.
MARYLAND POTTERY CO., Baltimore, Md., formerly made decorated earthenware, but for the last few years have made sanitary ware exclusively.
MASON'S IRONSTONE. This was patented in 1813 by C. J. Mason, of Fenton. We give it on the authority of Professor Church that powdered iron slag was an important constituent. In addition to tableware he made some very large pieces, including posts for iron bedsteads, large punch bowls, etc. The patent was purchased in .1851 by F. Morley. (See Ashworth.) He was succeeded at Fenton by W. Baker & Co. …
MASSIER, CLEMENT, Golf Juan, near Cannes.
MASSIER DELPII IN, nephew of the above.
MATHAUX, AUBE.
MATSU-MOTO WARE.
MAYER. This is a familiar name connected with the Staffordshire Potteries, two of whom obtained considerable prominence - Jos Mayer, of Dalehall, and Elijah Mayer, of Hanley. The Mayers are probably descended from the Meir or Mayor family, of Derbyshire. John Meir was a "pott maker"' in 1721, and there were several Mayers, of Cock-pitt Hill, in 1772. In Staffordshire Hugh Mayer was a potter at Bur…
MAYER POTTERY Co., LTD., Beaver Falls, Pa. This pottery was established in 1881 by Joseph and Ernest Mayer, the sons of the late Joseph Mayer, of the firm of T. J. & J. Mayer, the well-known potters of Dalehall, England. Joseph Mayer, the president of the Mayer Pottery Co., was one of the Mayer Bros., importers of earthenware, New York. His brother Ernest served his apprenticeship in potting with …
MAZARINE BLUE, an intense, deep blue said to have been invented by the Chinese ; but we have never seen on Chinese ware the same luminous depths acquired by English and French potters.
MAZZARELLA, E., Naples.
MCLAUGHLIN, M.
MCNICOL, H.
MEAKIN, J. &. G., Eagle Works, Hanky, one of the largest manufacturers of earthenware in the Staffordshire Potteries. The business was commenced at Longton in 1845, and moved to Hanley in 1848, by James Meakin. He retired in 1852 and was succeeded by his sons James and George, who in 1859 built the Eagle Works at Joiners Square. They have branch works at Cobridge and Burslem. In addition to their …
MEAKIN, ALFRED, Tunstall.
MEDIEVAL POTTERY. The chief interest in English medieval pottery centers in the encaustic tiles made by religious orders and spoken of elsewhere. Jugs in the form of a knight wearing twelfth century costumes were in all probability made by the same orders, who, according to M. Solon, instead of exerting a beneficial effect and trying to raise the standard of ware produced, jealously guarded their …
MEILLONAIS, Ain, France. This little factory was established in an outbuilding of her chateau, in 1761, by Madame de Marron, Baroness of Meillonais, who herself decorated the faiences with very fine paintings which she presented to her friends and relations. When later the factory passed into different hands the ware little by little lost its artistic character. The decoration consisted of flowers…
MELCHOIR, JOHANN PETER, a sculptor, born in 1741 at Lindorf, Germany.
MELLI, GIOVANNI, a parian manufacturer at Stoke-upon-Trent. who exhibited in London in 1862.
MELLOR, TAYLOR & Co., Cleveland Works, Purslem.
MENNECY-VILLEROY. A soft paste porcelain manufactory was started here in 1735 by Francis Barbin, under the direction of the Duke de Villeroy, on whose estate it was erected at a place called Les Petites Maisons. In 1747 it passed into the hands of Jacques and Julien (q. v.), and in 1773 was amalgamated with that of Bourg-la-Reine. Most of the porcelain made here is of a fine and transparent paste,…
MERAULT, a chemist from Sevres, went to Korkec, in Poland, to take charge of a factory there.
MERCER, HY.
MERCER POTTERY COMPANY, Trenton, N.
MERRIMAC CERAMIC CO., Newburyport.
METAL MOUNTS.
MEUDON, Seine-et-Oise.
MEULAN, Seine-et-Oise, France.
MEXBOROUGH, near Doncaster, England.
MEXICO. The early pottery of Mexico is distinguished by the knowledge of modeling displayed. Faces formed of clay are by no means uncommon, and the features and expression revivify the original types. The Aztecs were familiar with the use of the potter's wheel, and produced forms which, if not equal to those of Greece, possessed considerable ingenuity and originality. The decorations were less su…
MIDDELDYK, HENDRICK VAN.
MILAN.
MINATO WARE.
MINTON PATE-SUR-PATE VASE BY SOLON. body invented by M.
MINTONS. Ten years before the death of Wedgwood there was working for the Spode factory an engraver named Thomas Minton, who was destined to create a business colossal in its proportions and whose influence on English ceramics cannot be overestimated. The founder of this famous business, the Thomas Minton above mentioned, came from an old Salopian family, and was born at Wyle Cop, Shrewsbury, in 1…
MINTON, THOMAS.
MITCHELL, HENRY.
MITCHELL, JOHN.
MODENA, Italy.
MOHGRARRIN SETTLEMENTS IN NORTH AFRICA.
MOHR & SMITH were potters in Staffordshire toward the close of the eighteenth century.
MOLDS.
MOMBAERTS, THE. Potters of Brussels. It was in 1705 that Camille Mombaerts, the head of the family, established at Brussels a factory which after his death passed into the hands of his son, and which was for a long time renowned for its enameled faience. Previous to the death of Camille the factory for some time suspended operations, but his son, Corneille, went to Rouen, ?fevers, Saint Cloud and …
MONMOUTH POTTERY COMPANY, Monmouth, Ill.
MONTAUBAN, France. Armand Lapierre, who had worked for several years at Ardus, in 1770 founded a manufactory at Montauban, which appears to have quickly risen to prominence. He, however, died in 1772, aged forty years. His widow and children continued the business, without much success, until 1780, when his eldest daughter married Jean Quinquiry, and he, by his industry and intelligence, restored …
MONTEFELTO, FEDERIGO DA, Duke of Urbino.
MONTE LUPO, Italy.
MONTPELLIER, France, possessed in the seventeenth century a manufactory of faience, but nothing is known of its products. Another one was established in 175o by Andre Philip, of Marseilles. producing especially services decorated on the glaze with bouquets in colors, in which violet and manganese predominate on a yellov. background. They do not bear any mark. MONTEREAli. William Clark, from Newcas…
MOORCROFT, WILLIAM. Florian is the arbitrary name given by the manufacturers, Messrs. MacIntyre & Co.. Burslem, to the potter,' credited to Mr. W. Moorcroft. In its manufacture there has been a return to first principles, as it is all made by the old process on the potter's wheel, the turner's lathe, and slip tracing, the more mechanical method of molding having been rejected, on purpose that as f…
MOORE & Co. were potters at Southwick, near Sunderland, in NinoRE BROS., Longton, Staffordshire. Manufacturers of fine China, chiefly ornamental. The body and glaze are both excellent, and the designs are characterized by fine and graceful modeling and careful finish. Cupids and flowers predominate, the latter sometimes decorated with colored golds. Some good pieces in pare-sur-pate are produced h…
MOREAU, MARIE.
MORI M URA BRos., Nagoya, Japan.
MORRIS & WILLmoRE, Trenton, N. J. The Columbia Art Pottery, as Messrs. Morris & Willmore's works are called, were built in 1892-3. Mr. W. T. Morris was educated at the Worcester Porcelain Works, and went afterwards to Belleek. and from thence to the Ott & Brewer Works at Trenton, where he was employed as a decorator. M 158. Motattsos & CARR, New York. A factory at West Thirteenth street, New York,…