GLATIGNY. ATELIER DE, Versailles. A number of artists are engaged here chiefly in the manufacture of pottery, which is produced anonymously ; that is. no individual name is signed to any piece, the members of the association having made this one of their fundamental rules. From the men who prepare the clay to the fireman whose judgment assures the proper amount of heat, all are considered equally …
GLAZE. Glaze may be described as a specially prepared glass which is ground fine in water and then spread over the ware and again fused by firing. The composition varies very considerably, the component parts having to be nicely adjusted to the body on which it is to be applied. Its simplest form is the glaze of French hard porcelain, which is almost pure petunste. Glass or silicious glaze is form…
GLOBE POTTERY COMPANY, East Liverpool, Ohio.
GOBERT.
GODS OF GOOD FORTUNE. The seven gods of good fortune appear frequently on Japanese pottery. Their names are as follows : (1) Fokurokujiu, the god of longevity, distinguished by an abnormal development of head, a long beard, and carrying a rough staff ; his chief attributes are a sacred tortoise and a stork, and he is sometimes attended by a white stag. (2) Yebis, brother of the sun, the god of dai…
GOGGINGEN (Bavaria).
GOINCOURT (Oise).
GOLD. The gold used for decorating pottery is of two kinds - pure gold, twenty-four karats fine, and liquid gold. The former is mixed with quicksilver, ground very fine, and a little flux added. This ground mixture is then blended with a medium so that it can be used with a brush. "Liquid gold is the result of the chemical change known as reduction. A solution of gold is mixed with a special combi…
GOMBEI, Gosu.
GOMBRON WARE. Horace Walpole, an indefatigable collector and connoisseur of pottery, several times in his letters - one is dated 1755 - alludes enthusiastically to his specimens of Gombron ware. For many years this was as enigmatical as the Murrhine vases of the Romans, but is now generally conceded to refer to Oriental porcelain. M. Solon says : "The India Company is responsible for the name `Gom…
GONZAGUE, LOUIS DE, was related to Catherine de Medici, and became Duc de Nivernais by his marriage with Henriette de Cleves, the eldest of the three daughters of the last Duc de Nevers.
GONZAYEMON, TAMURA, originated the manufacture of Kutani ware in the seventeenth century.
GOODWIN POTTERY COMPANY, East Liverpool, Ohio.
GORODAYU SHONSUI, of Ise, Japan.
GOSABURO. A Japanese potter of Imado-machi, in the northern part of Tokio, 1840. Goss, \?. H., Stoke-upon-Ti-ent. Mr. Goss started in business in 1858, and though his output has never been large, it has always been characterized by delicacy of manufacture and gracefulness of design. At the London Exhibition of 1862 he had made sufficient progress for his exhibit to call from a contemporary art pap…
GOSSELI N.
GOTO, SAIJIRO, studied porcelain making in Hizen, and about the year 165o erected a kiln at Kutani, making ware with a red ground and gold outline.
GOUDA, MARTINUS.
GOUFFIER, ARTHUR.
GOUFFIER, CLAUDE, son of the above.
GOUFFIER, GUILLAUME, son of Admiral Bonneret, a Knight of Malta, who became Bishop of Beziers, for whom was made one of the most beautiful specimens of Oiron ware - a plateau, or salver, bearing in the center his escutcheon.
GOULT (Vanchese). This little manufactory. founded about 174o by M. de Doni, Lord of Goult, who established it in his own castle, produced faience of an individual style which is generally attributed to Moustiers, whence the greater part of the decorators were obtained by M. (le Doni. It is from Goult that the greater number of faiences have come, with a decoration of portrait medallions spiritedl…
GRAINS OF Rim Formed by cutting through a thin paste, and afterward filling up with glaze, which leaves the design perfectly transparent.
GRANGEL, F. 0.
GREATBACH, DANIEL.
GREATBATCH, DANIEL.
GREATBATCH, WILLIAM.
GREEN. A firm of this name made painted ware somewhere in the Staffordshire Potteries toward the close of the eighteenth century. GREEN, T. A. & S., Fenton. Manufacturers of china. M 103. GREENWOOD POTTERY COMPANY, Trenton, N. J. This company was incorporated in 1863, the first officers being Charles Brearley, president ; James P. Stephens, secretary and treasurer ; James Tams, superintendent. To-…
GREINER, G., was proprietor of several factories - Volkstadt, Wallendorf and Grosbreitenbach.
GRELLET BROTHERS.
GRENZHAUSEN, near Coblentz, Rhenish Prussia.
GRES EN FRANCE.
GRIECO-EGYPTIAN.
GRIFFE, LA. (The Claw.) This was the sign of a manufactory of faience founded in 1662 by Cornelis van der Hoeve.
GROEN, JOHANNES.
GROENLAUT, IAN.
GROTESQUES. In Italy the decoration called grotesques was used at Faenza, and especially at Castel-Durante, in the beginning of the sixteenth century. It was composed at that time of foliage, symmetrical and rolling, terminated by the bodies of monsters, birds, sea-horses, masks, etc., executed in gray, or another color, on a background usually of intense blue. Later, this same decoration, made mo…
GROWING POTTERY. "Recently there was sold in New York, according to an exchange, for no less a sum than $I,000, an old-fashioned china plate of the extremely rare kind which is known to the collectors as 'growing crockery.' From the plate itself had sprung to a height of more than a third of an inch a sort of eruption of beautiful crystals that seemed to take the form of elegant trees and miniatur…
GRUEBY FAIENCE COMPANY, Boston. Organized in 1897 by W. H. Grueby, G. P. Kendrick and W. H. Graves. Mr. Grueby is the discoverer of the glaze from which the ware takes its name, a glaze so soft and beautiful, so perfectly glossless, that at one bound it leaped into public favor. Mr. Kendrick designs the shapes, many of which display much originality. The decorations are of the simplest character, …
GUATEMALA.
GUBBIO, Italy.
GUETTARD.
GUIDOBALDO II., Duke, 1540 to 1568.
GUILLOTINE (plate called the).
GUSTAFSBURG, near Gothenburg.
HACKWOOD, WILLIAM.
HADDOCK, THOMAS, & SONS, Trenton, N.
HADLEY, JAMES, & SONS, Worcester. This artist pottery was founded in 1896. Previous to this Mr. James Hadley, had been the principal designer of those beautiful forms so characteristic of the Worcester Porcelain Company. From the commencement of the undertaking it was endeavored to make the products as distinctive as possible from those of any other manufactory, and it is a matter of congratulatio…
HAEREN, VAN.
HAGUENAU, twenty-eight kilometers from Strasburg (Alsace). In 1696 there was a manufactory here whose products are not determined. Charles Hannong established another one here in 1724. After the decline of the manufactory of Strasburg, of which it seemed a branch, the fabrique of Haguenau was transferred little by little. In 1787 it passed into the hands of three associates, Austlet, Barth and Vol…
HAG' WARE. "The origin of the pottery at Hagi, in the Province of Nagato, is unknown. At first only the common kind of ware was made there. It is stated that in the period Yeisho, in 1510, the manufacture of tea utensils was commenced ; it appears, however. to have been confined to tea bowls. A century later a Corean named Rikei, who when in Japan adopted the name of Korai Saiyemon, settled at Ha…
HALDER, JACOBUS.
HALE, JOHN.
HALL, RALPH, Swan Bank Works, Tunstall.
HALY, PHILIPPE.
HAMILTON, Ohio.
HAMME, JOHN ARIENS VAN.
HAMMEN, JAN ARIENSZ VAN.
HAM MERSLEY, FREEMAN & CO. (See Astbury.) HAM MERSLEY & ASTBURY. (See Astbury.) shire Mercury, 1846: "In the notice of the death of John Booth, of Well Street" (Hanley), "inserted in your last week's paper, it is stated that he was the inventor of luster for earthenware. I beg to state that this is incorrect, as I was the original invenor of luster, which is recorded in several works on pottery, a…
HANCOCK, or Handcock, R. An artist of the Battersea Enamel Works, who in 1756 went to Worcester. He has been advanced as the inventor of the printing process on pottery, and there seems to be good reason to suppose that the Worcester process may have been an independent one from that of the Sadlers of Liverpool. The Worcester process, whether it was the original or not, was claimed by Holdship, th…
HANCOCK, WILLIAM.
HANLFY.
HANNONG. The Hannongs occupied a place of the utmost im: portance in the ceramic history of the eighteenth century. The first, Charles-Francois, founded in 1709, at Strasburg, Rue du Foulon, a manufactory of pipes and stoves in glazed earth, with relief in the style of those of Nuremburg ; about 1721 he associated with him a workman named Wackenfeld, who had left Meissen to come to Strasburg, wher…
HARIDSU.
HARIMA-NO-DAIJIO, FujiwARA-No-FujimAsA, and entitled NinSei, of the family of Nono-11Iura, who was living about 1644, erected kilns in various places - at Awata, Omura, Mizoro, Kinkozan.
HARKER POTTERY COMPANY, East Liverpool, Ohio.
HARLEES, DIRCH.
HARLEES, JOHANNES.
HARRISON, JOHN.
HASHIMOTO, CHIUHEI.
HASSELLS, ANTHONY, of Shelton.
HATCHET (The Porcelain).
HAVILAND & CO., Limoges. It not infrequently happens that important pottery industries owe their origin to foreign influence, and the history of French ceramics is no exception to this. The Normandy pottery was founded by Italian workmen, and they in turn were followed by English workmen, who introduced the manufacture of English earthenware ; and it was reserved for an American to develop the res…
HAVILAND, THEODORE.
HAWTHORN PATTERN.
HAYNES, D. F., & Sox, Chesapeake Pottery, Baltimore, Md. This pottery was started by Mr. D. F. Haynes in 1881, and at first was devoted to the manufacture of a ware analogous to majolica. called Clifton ware. Following this came Avalon ware - a body of ivory tint and soft rich glaze. It had sprays of flowers in relief, decorated in colors. In 1885 the manufacture of Parian was commenced, and among…
HAYNES, GEORGE, Swansea.
HEATH.
HEATH, JOHN and CHRISTOPHER.
HEINBERG, near Thoun, Canton of Berne (Switzerland).
HELLOT.
HERALDRY. Heraldry plays a not unimportant part in the decoration of pottery. On Hispano-Moresque ware badges and coats-ofarms were largely used, the one illustrated (a) from the center of a dish with radiating lines, being the arms of Castile and Leon and Aragon. Some of the badges that constitute Japanese heraldry are largely used on Japanese pottery as ornaments - such as the Kikumon (chrysanth…
HERBERT & CO.
HERBERTSVILLE, formerly Old Bridge, N.
HERCULANEUM WORKS, Liverpool. About 1793-4 Richard Abbey, who had been apprenticed to John Sadler, the engraver, started, in conjunction with a Scotchman named John Graham, a pottery at Toxteth Park, on the south side of the Mersey, on the site now occupied by the Herculaneum Dock. In 1796 they sold the business to Worthington, Humble & Holland, who engaged as manager Ralph Mansfield, of Burslem. …
HEREND, Hungary.
HERMANSZ, GERRIT.
HESDIN, France.
HESSE, FREDERICK VAN.
HETTLINGER.
HIBOKO. "In the early part of the reign of the Emperor Suinin (B.
HIRADO, or Hirata, WARE.
HIRSCIIVOGEL (The). Potters at Nuremberg. The chief of this family, Veit Hirschvogel (1441-1525), was a painter of glass windows and a potter. He had several sons, of whom one, Augustin Hirschvogel, applied himself almost exclusively to the art of potting. It is to him that is attributed the manufacture of those vases covered by a pure enamel of great brilliance, and bearing on the round or in dep…
HISTORICAL. POTTERY. Through all ages pottery has been made the medium of recording historical events. The Chinese under the Ming dynasty (1368) largely illustrated the history of China. Italy during the Renaissance used historical subjects freely. Nevers ware was made the medium of reflecting the events and politics of the day. Sevres for a long period did nothing but glorify events in the life o…
HITASUKE WARE.
HIZEN, Japan. The Province of Hizen contains numerous pottery kilns, the oldest of which is that at Karatsu. The works at Arita, now the most important center of the porcelain industry of Japan,-were founded shortly after the Karatsu. The ware made there and at the other Hizen potteries is known as Imari ware, that being the port of shipment. It was in this province that the manufacture of porcel…
HOANG-TI.
HOCHST, near Mayence, Germany. In 1720, Ringler, a workman from Vienna, carried the secret of the manufacture of china to Hochst, and, with the assistance of Geltz, of Frankfort, added china to the existing manufacture of faience. The faiences of Hochst, much prized by amateurs, show the perfection required in the manufacture of porcelain, which it frequently reproduces in form and even in decorat…
HOFDICK, DAMIS.
HOLDSHIP, RICHARD, owning between them about one-fourth of the capital of the company.
HOLITSCH, Hungary.
HOLLAND. The chief interest in the pottery of Holland centers in Delft (which see), but during the Seven Years'?War the Dutch availed themselves of the almost ruined state of the industry in Germany to establish several manufactories of hard porcelain. The first of these was established at Weesp, near Amsterdam, in 1764, by Count von Gronsveld, with the assistance of workmen from Saxony. It existe…
HOLLINS, T. & J., and HowNs, S.
HOLLINS, MICHAEL DAINTRY. Was the fourth son of Mr. Thomas Hollins, of Manchester, and was born in 1814. It was intended that he should join the medical profession, but after going through the usual course of study, and successfully passing his examinations, he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons. Mr. Hollins, however, did not practise as a surgeon, but in 1839 joined the firm of Mint…