EENHORN. There were three ceramists of this name at Delft in the seventeenth century - Wouter Eenhorn in 1658, and his two sons. Samuel and Lambartus. Wouter and his son Lambartus produced polychrome work of such beauty of form and quality that, according to M. Havard, it was to their products that the "Magistrat" of Delft turned when he wished to make a gift to princes or their representatives. L…
EGGSHELL CHINA.
EGYPT. The origin of Egyptian pottery, like the history of Egypt, is largely a matter of theory, if not of guesswork. The settlement of the country is variously placed at 5004 B. C. down to 2700 B. C. ; the building of the pyramids from 4235 to .235o B. C. The world was finding of some broken pottery at the base of the statue of Rameses II., which, reckoning the alluvial deposit of the Nile at th…
ELBOGEN. Messrs. Springer & Co. have a large china factory here, established in 1815. They employ about t,000 workpeople, and make a large variety of useful and ornamental goods. Probably the largest oven in the world is here, being twenty-four feet in diameter and three stories high. The ware made under M. Haidinger acquired some celebrity. M 84. were no doubt the first to introduce salt glazing …
EL FRATE.
ELIZABETHAN WARE.
ELLE (Island of).
ELTON, Sir E.
EMACX ON1BRANTS. Shading enamel, or emaux ombrants, was a term given a process of decorating pottery that was introduced about 1844 by the Baron du Tremblay at the manufactory he had established at Rubelles, near Melun. The process was as follows : An impression was made on the paste of the piece to be decorated, which after the first firing was covered with a translucent, easily fused glaze, vari…
ENAMEL.
ENCAUSTIC TILES. Tiles beautifully potted and designed were made by religious orders in England as early as the thirteenth century, and their manufacture continued until the sixteenth century, and occasionally in some districts as late as the eighteenth. Kilns have been discovered in Worcestershire, Staffordshire, Wiltshire, Shropshire and Gloucestershire. The earliest were of one color, with inci…
ENGLAND. We have already briefly mentioned the pottery of the Anglo-Saxon and Anglo-Roman periods, after which there is a long hiatus ; and it is not until the thirteenth century that we find any record of pottery manufacture. Some examples which have been assigned to the fourteenth century are usually covered with a dull green glaze, and are of rude design and manufacture. We give an example of a…
ENGOBE, ENGOBAGE.
EPERNAY, Marne.
EPINAL.
EPIS DE FAITAGE.
ESCALLIER, Mme.
ETOILE, L' (The Star).
ETRURIA at a period anterior to the foundation of Rome comprised nearly the whole of Italy. It was divided into twelve sovereign cities, or cantons, among which were Tarquininii, the cradle of the royal family of the Tarquins, who at one time wielded the scepter of Rome ; Veii, the greatest and most powerful city, which had io,000 inhabitants and carried on seven wars with Rome ; and Aretium, the …
ETRURIA.
FABRIANO, Italy.
FAENZA. The probability of the name of this city having furnished the term "faience" has already been discussed. The first published reference to the wares of Faenza is a passage by Garzoni in the Piazza Universals, published in 1845, in which he speaks of the pottery of the place as being very white and polished. The Church of St. Petronio, at Bologna, has a pavement of tiles made at Faenza and …
FAIENCE.
FAIENCE DDIRON. Frequently these unique specimens of the potter's art are alluded to as Henri Deux ware, from the frequent occurrence of that monarch's cipher forming a component part of the decoration. Mr. Chaffers would call it "Saint-Porchaire," on the assumption that it was made there. There seems to be incontrovertible evidence that it was made between the years 1524 and 1537 at the Ch?teau d…
FALCONET.
FARINA, ACHILLE, Faenza.
FAUBOURG ST. LAZARE (subsequently Faubourg St. Denis). A manufactory was founded here toward 1772 by Pierre Hannory, the productions resembling those of Frankenthal, where Hannory had been employed under his father. Later the products became more French in style, and were as a rule very .4 Of ge carefully decorated. The porcelain of the first period is marked with Hannory's initial (A), which was …
FEBURIER (or Febvrier), JACQUES.
FELDSPAR (Felspath, Felspar, of Feldspath).
FELL & Co., Newcastle-on-Tyne.
FENTON.
FERRARA, Italy.
FERRYBRIDGE.
FESCHI (Ferchi, or Terchi), BARTHOLOMEO.
FIFIELD, WILLIAM.
FIGULINE. This word is to-day used only in ceramic language in France to qualify a special kind of clay used in the composition of common faience, terra-cotta, bricks, and in general of all pottery that does not require a high temperature in burning. The word "figulus" was applied to the most ordinary worker in clay in the fifteenth century, but the term "figuline" seems to have been in use only d…
FISH AND LEAF. TULIP TREE. ' C. F. A. VOYSEY. C. F. A. VOYSEY. The work is executed in colored slips. The more conventional designs in rich colored glazes are just as carefully treated, and most beautiful effects are obtained. Apart from these triumphs of brush and pencil are the no less important results obtained by the Messrs. Burton Brothers. One of these is an egg-shell glaze, a perfectly dura…
FLANDERS. There were a number of places in Flanders, among them St. Amand, Lille, Dunkirk, Valenciennes, etc., where faience was produced that closely resembled Delft ware, with which it came into competition. The stoneware commonly called Gres de Flandres is really of German origin. Flanders never possessed a manufactory of stoneware. All kinds of stoneware were made at Raeren, which belonged to …
FLASHED GLAZE.
FLAXMAN, Jorni. The designs of this talented artist did much to make the fame of Wedgwood. He had been regarded as the greatest sculptor whom England has produced. He was born July 6, 1755, and was the son of a plaster-of-Paris cast maker of New Street, Covent Garden, London. The boy was weakly and slightly deformed frorp his birth. He early developed a talent for drawing and an inordinate passion…
FLEMISH S'IONEWARE. (See Flanders.) FLEUR-DE-Ll s.
FLINT.
FLORENCE, Italy. In the sixteenth century endeavors were made throughout Europe to produce porcelain similar in kind to that imported from China, and, as naturally might be expected, that country was first in the field of discovery that had produced the finest enameled ware. Dr. Foresi, of Florence, has within recent years made the interesting discovery that under the patronage of the Grand Duke F…
FLORID STYLE.
FLOWER, JOSEPH. Bristol. Manufacturer of Delft. Was at No. 2 Quay in 1775. In 1777 he moved to No. 5 Corn Street. His ware is perhaps finer and thinner than that of R. Frank, but does not appear to have been made in as large quantities. Authenticated examples of his make date from 1741. The decorations were similar to those of R. Frank. Tiles, plates, dishes, teapoys and punch-bowls were made. App…
FLOWN WARE.
FLYT.
FOANG - HOANG.
FONTANO.
FONTENAY - LE - COMTE, V e n de e.
FORASASSI, JEAN.
FORGED MARKS. A manufacturer or artist signing his work with his name or some adopted sign establishes a trademark which is to the goods he manufactures or paints a guarantee and admission that they are from his hand, and it is of the same importance as his signature to a document. When, therefore, the Chinese, reproducing some of their early successes, copied the original mark, these constituted …
FORNARINA.
FORRESTER, THOMAS, & SONS, Longton, Staffordshire.
FOUGERAY.
FOULQUE, Or FoUQU E, JOSEPH.
FOUNDLING VASE.
FOURMAINTREAUX, JULES ; FOURMAINTREAU X, COU RQUI N.
FOURNIER.
FRAGONARD.
FRANCE age is an attribute every one admires, and l'orcelaines G.
FRANCE. Passing over the early history of French pottery, and merely noting that at Poitou, in the thirteenth century, green glaze conical urns were made, that Beauvais had reached celebrity through the manufacture of stoneware, and that Jehan de Voleur was at Hesdin, toward the close of the fourteenth century, acquainted with the use of stanniferous enamel, we find only unimportant and transient …
FRANCESCO.
FRANCESCO DURANTINO, of Urbino.
FRANCESCO, MARIA, GRAND DUKE, who is by Lasri stated to have been a patron of Florentine majolica, having brought an artist to Florence to decorate vases.
FRANCESCO XANTO, or ZANTO. One of the most important artists of Urbino. He signed the most of his pieces in various ways - the earlier are generally more or less fully signed, while many of the later have only one or two initials. His full name, as indicated by his various signatures, seems to be Francesco Xanto Avelli da Rorigo, and the dates of his signed works extend from 153o to 1542, though h…
FRANCO, BATTISTA.
FRANK P.
FRANKLIN PORCELAIN COMPANY, Franklin, Ohio.
FRANK, RICHARD, Bristol.
FRANZHEIM, CHARLES W., was born in the city of Wheeling, West Virginia, and was among the first to introduce the manufacture of pottery there. He, with others, incorporated the Wheeling Pottery Company in the fall of 1879, and assisted in building up this concern to its present extensive proportions with its diversified lines. When the project was first mooted the scheme was unhesitatingly condemn…
FRASNEY, PIERRE DE.
FRATTA, LA.
FRECHEN, near Cologne.
FROG MUGS.
FRUTTING, EMMANUEL-JEAN.
FRYTOM, FREDERICK VAN.
FUJIKATA-MURA, Province of Ise, Japan. "In the time of the Emperor Yuraiku, A.
FUJINA WARE.
FULV Y, ORRY DE, brother of the Controller-General of Finance, in the year 1740 established a manufactory of porcelain, with the permission of the King, at the disused riding-school of the Chateau de Vincennes. After several years spent in costly and fruitless experiments, chiefly due to the lack of skill and bad conduct of the two brothers Dubois, at whose proposition the manufactory was original…
FURNIVALS, LIMITED, Cobridge, Staffordshire. Thomas Furnival, Jr., & Co. succeeded Reuben Johnson & Co. at the Stafford Street Works, Hanley. The firm was changed ,,to Furnival & Clark shortly afterward, and remained so until 1851, when the present works at Cobridge were taken, and the style of the firm became Thomas Furnival & Sons. A few years ago the business was turned into a limited liability…
FURSTENBURG.
FURUTA ORIBE-NE-SHO SHIGEKATSU.
FUSHIMA-MURA.
GAAL, JOHANNES.
GAGER, OLIVER A. Mr. Gager was born in Franklin, Conn., December 19, 1824. When about twenty years of age he went to sea, visiting various countries, and leading a life unusually eventful and interesting. In 1849 he visited California, the voyage from Fall River, Mass., to San Francisco occupying eight months. In 1855 he engaged with others in manufacturing pottery, and was for a while part owner …
GALENA.
GAMBIN, Scipio. A faience worker called to Nevers by the Duc de Nivernais (see Gonzaque), and probably a relative of the above. His name appears on the register of several churches of Nevers, where he stood? sponsor to several children, with the qualification of /'othier. Messrs. Gasnault & Gamier say : "In the absence of historical documents relating to the manufactory he had established, we are …
GAMBIN, JULIEN.
GARNIER, EDOUARD.
GEMPIN WARE.
GENNEP, Duchy of Luxemburg.
GENOA, Italy. According to Piccolpasso, there existed here in the sixteenth century a manufactory of faience of which he indicates the style of decoration ; but it has probably been confounded with that of Venice of the same epoch, though but little is known of one or the other. Later in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the products of the Genoan manufactories are so easily confounded with…
GENSAI HACHITA founded a factory at Sakai, Japan, in the Tensho period (1573-91) and made earthenware fireholders for use at the tea ceremonies.
GEORGIA.
GERARDNIER, Vosges.
GERAULT.
GERMANY. The natural conditions are so favorable in Germany to the manufacture of pottery that its rapid extension is scarcely to be wondered at. Clays of all descriptions are abundant, from the finest kaolin downward, as are also the necessary minerals used in combination with these clays, such as feldspar, quartz, cobalt and manganese. The number of factories now engaged in the production of pot…
GHISBRECHT, LAMBRECHT KRUYK.
GHISBRECHTS, LAMBRECHT.
GIAN MARIA MARIANA.
GILARDONI FILS, A.
GILES, J.
GIROLAMA DELLA ROBBIA.
GIYOGI.
GLASGOW.