COGNAE, Charente, France.
COLLINOT, of Paris, has a manufactory in the Parc des Princes (Bois de Boulogne), where he produces vases, wall tiles, etc., ornamented with Persian and Japanese designs of pure style and workmanship, under the artistic direction of Adalbert de Beaumont.
COLOGNE.
COMBED WARE.
COMPANY, Chillicothe, Ohio.
CONRADE, THE, Nevers, France. The date of the establishment of the manufacture of faience at Nevers is uncertain. The first authentic reference is in 1608 and refers to a manufactory situated in the Rue St. Genest, belonging to two Italians, the brothers Conrade, who came from Savona, Italy. Whether they founded the industry is a matter of doubt, but if it existed they certainly brought with them …
COOK POTTERY COMPANY, Trenton, N.
COREA. The peninsula of Corea, situated between China and Japan, was alternately under the domination of these two countries. It long produced porcelain attributed to both China and Japan - caused through the Corean practice of decorating the ware according to its destination. The decorations were entirely conventional forms, either floral or animal, and the colors were limited to red, black, pale…
CORNELISZ (surnamed Schipper, boatman), a master potter established at Delft in 1628.
CORNUCOPIA, A LA.
CORNWALL.
CORRUGATED WARE.
COSTRELS.
COURCELLES, France.
CRACKLE. A decoration employed on old Chinese ware as early as A. D. 96o, consisting of an inextricable network of cracks, such as would arise from a glaze being softer than the body, or the reverse, and to which we should apply the term crazing. It is valuable only as an example of Chinese ingenuity, for the crackle or crazing was not the result of poor potting or of accident, but was obtained wi…
CRADLES were made in Staffordshire the commencement of the eighteenth century in slip ware, salt glaze and cream color.
CRANE, WALTER, the well-known book illustrator, has made a number of designs for pottery which have been executed by Messrs.
CREAM COLOR. The appellation cream color was first bestowed on earthenware with a yellowish white glaze by Thomas Astbury (1725). Wedgwood's "queensware" was but an improved form of this. Enoch Wood in a memorandum at the back of a dish of Wedgwood make says : "It is my brother William's modeling. It was turned on a hand lathe, as plates were at that date (1772). I preserve this to show the qualit…
CREIL.
CRESCENT. The crescent was used as an early mark on old Worcester china. It is found not only on the productions of the old Worcester period, 1751-1783, but also on pieces made from 1793 to 1840. Messrs. Chamberlain also used it from 1783. It is also sometimes found with the addition of an E. The crescent is the true Worcester mark, being taken from the quarterings of the Warmstry Arms. The open c…
CREUSSEN, Bavaria.
CROCKERY.
CROCKERY AND GLASS JOURNAL, the whole of this work has now been thoroughly revised and much new information added including the series of Marks and Monograms.
CROISIC, LE (Loire-Inferieure), France.
CROLIUS, New York. At the end of the eighteenth century, right in the middle of the street where the new Hall of Records is in process of construction, stood the stoneware pottery of John Crolius, whose house was at 215 Greenwich Street. His son Clarkson lived, according to the directory for 1794, at io Cross Street, number 9 being occupied by John Remmey, both being described as stoneware potters…
CROUCH WARE.
CROWN, as a mark.
CROWN STAFFORDSHIRE PORCELAIN COMPANY, Minerva Works, Fenton.
CRYSTALLIZATION UNDER THE GLAZE. This iS a glaze which forms itself into crystals which are exceedingly beautiful and of gossamer-like quality. Whilst the crystallization of the various particles may not be depended on to appear in any particular spot, and whilst those of the Japanese were purely accidental, Europeans are now producing these effects scientifically. M. Lauth exhibited a cup in the …
CULLYN, ABRAHAM, and THOMAS Roos were granted an English patent in 1626 for making stone pots and jugs of Cologne ware.
CUP OF MAJOLICA. SGRAFFITO. To-day ceramics in Italy are in a transitory stage, but there is, to its honor be it spoken, an earnest attempt being made by its manufacturers to combine use with beauty, than which there is no higher standard. The house of Cantagalli, whose name, being interpreted, is "Crowing Cock," has been established for about a century as makers of common earthenware stoves, and …
CUP ON PRECEDING PAGE. ware, with a shining brown ground on which are raised figures of different colors. Antibone de Nove, of Bassano, shows real artistic feeling, with a disposition to cling to old traditions rather than to originate. Tuscany and the Neapolitan provinces have a large number of men working in a very small way, but often turning out excellent work. Among these may be mentioned Mar…
CURIOUS NAMES OF COLORS.
CUSTINE (GENERAL COUN'r DE). About 1774 the manufactory of Niederwiller passed into the hands of General Count de Custine, who appointed as director Francois Lanfrey, a skilful faience maker, whose able management gained for the manufactory considerable importance. Pieces are frequently found bearing the mark of Count de Custine - two C's interlaced. The name of Count de Custine is associated with…
CYPLES & BARKER succeeded Cyples at the Market Street Works, Longton.
D1GNE, a Parisian ceramist who lived in the Rue de la Rouquette and manufactured pharmacy pots and bottles for the Abbess of Chilies (daughter of the Duc d'Orleans, who was regent of France during the minority of Louis XV.), who had established a pharmacy at her abbey. The decorations of these pots and jars are in imitation of Rouen ware in blue and citrine yellow, and are emblazoned with a lozeng…
DAGOTY, P.
DALLE.
DAMASCUS. The name is assigned to a large class of wares, probably made in Egypt, Turkey, Syria, Asia Minor, etc., a certain general character pertaining to the whole. There is no doubt that Damascus was a large producer of this class of pottery, which was known in the sixteenth century as "Daman" ware. The body is of a grayish white, of sandy consistence, and similar to that of Persian ware. Deco…
DAMMOUSE, M., Sevres.
DANGU (near Gisors).
DANIEL, OF COBRIDGE, Staffordshire, "was the first local potter who practiced enameling in his factory, and his example was soon followed by others. This was the highest improvement that could be applied to the ware. It perfected and completed its manufacture. It achieved at once a great success, principally because it became in that way a fairly good substitute for the painted china so much in fa…
DARNET, Mme., the wife of a poor surgeon, found, in 1765, near St. Yrieix, a soft earth of great whiteness. Thinking she could use it instead of soap, on account of its oily touch, she took a quantity of it home. Her husband submitted it to a chemist for analysis and it was soon afterward decided to he kaolin. The discovery was of great importance. Sevres had long been anxious to make hard porcela…
DAVENPORT, HENRY, but he had inherited neither his grandfather's business acumen nor skill as a potter, and the works gradually decayed and were finally disposed of at auction - an ignominious ending to such a brilliant commencement.
DAVENPORT, HENRY and WILLIAM.
DAVENPORT, JOHN. To Mr. Davenport may fairly be assigned the honorable position of having improved the body of English china - an improvement which could not he furthered during the eights' years it was made from the same formula. There are not wanting expert amateurs who, as far as the body is concerned, place it in the first rank. Mr. Davenport's connection with pottery commenced at Stoke-upon-T…
DAVIS, ISAAC.
DECKER, JAN.
DECK, THEODORE, Paris. In 1859, in partnership with his brother, Theodore Deck founded a manufactory of artistic pottery in the Impasse des Favorites in Paris, and has remained the first ceramic artist of the day. It has been truly said of him that he has confronted and overcome all difficulties, and that his various applications of colors and enamels to pieces of perfect workmanship and purity of…
DECORATION, the first, on European china.
DELFT, Holland. About the end of the sixteenth century the Dutch, through trading with Japan, imported many pieces of Oriental . china, and it was their desire to reproduce or imitate these that led to the foundation of an industry destined to grow to immense proportions. Their ware was made from clay of Bruyelle, near Tournay, which was skilfully mixed with sand and very carefully potted. The san…
DELFT, Staffordshire.
DELFT, Liverpool.
DELFT, modern.
DELFT.
DELINIERES, R., & Co., Limoges.
DELLA RORPIA POTTERY COMPANY, Birkenhead.
DENABY, Yorkshire.
DEN MARK. The interest in Danish ceramics centers in the Royal l'orcelain Works at Copenhagen. It is not, however, the traditions of the past - though those are honorable enough - but the progress effected during the last few years that will in the future make the refined amateur linger with keen appreciation on its productions of to-day or handle them with a feeling akin to veneration. So much ha…
DERBY. As in the case of all important English china manufactories (with the exception of Worcester), their origin is by no means clear. The partnership of John Heath and William Duesbury, 1756, cannot have been the commencement of the works, for in December of that year there was an auction sale in London lasting four days by order of the "Proprietors of the Derby Porcelain Manufactory," of "a cu…
DERBYSHIRE on a scroll in her hand are the words : "May peace and prosperity prevail." They are of the ordinary yellow stoneware, with brown glaze on the top half.
DERBYSHIRE.
DESHIMA, Japan.
D'ESTE, ISABELLA.
DESVRES ( Pas-de-Calais ) possessed two manufactories of faience - the one founded in 1732 by Dupre-Poulaine, to whom the mark D.
DEVERS, JOSEPH.
DEVONSHIRE.
DEXTRA, JEAN THEUNIS, surnamed Dextra the Younger, to distinguish him from the above, was a master potter of Delft, established in 1759 at the sign of "The Greek." M.
DEXTRA, ZACIIARIE.
DIETERLE.
DIJON (Cote-d'Or). There were several manufactories here, the earliest dating from about the middle of the seventeenth century. With the exception of a few pieces there was nothing remarkable in the products, which were of ordinary kind. According to M. Louis Marchant, the historian of the Dijon potteries, a man named Dupont, who died in 1711, established the first pottery at Dijon in 1669. The Ne…
DIRUTA (or Deruta), Italy, a dependent borough of Perugia, is said to have possessed in 1461 a manufactory of faience founded by Agostino di Antonio di Duccio (said to be a pupil of Luca della Robbia), who executed the enameled bas-reliefs on the fa?ade of the Church of St. Bernardino and in St. Domenico. While there is some doubt as to the certainty of this, there is none of the fact that in 15o1…
DISDIER.
DISKS ON WALLS.
DIXON, AUSTIN & Co., Sunderland. England. Manufacturers of earthenware. 189o. Dom., TAXILE, Sevres. This artist entered the National Mann factory of Sevres in 1877 and makes a specialty of pate-sur-pate. This style of decoration was introduced at Sevres about 1848, and is as good an example as anything of the possibilities of perfecting and ennobling a pottery process, which in this case had its …
DOCCIA, LA, near Florence, Italy.
DOES, DIRK VAN DER.
DOES, WILLEM VAN DER, brother of. the preceding.
DOH ACII I.
DoNI, DE M., Seigneur of Goult.
DONIM ELAAR, VAN.
DON POTTERY, Swinton, Yorkshire. A pottery was founded here in 1790 by John Green, of Leeds. Marbled ware and white earthenware printed in blue and black were also produced. In 1824 the pottery was purchased by Mr. Samuel Barker, and in 1851 the firm became Samuel Barker & Son, its present style. About 1810-12 a small quantity of china was made, but only a few specimens are extant. One of these is…
DOORNE, PIETER VAN.
DOREZ, BARTHELEMY. (See Lille.) Dossi, brothers. Artists at Ferrara. Italy. Doum (Nord), France. The manufactory of Douai was founded in 1780, or 1781. by two Englishmen, brothers, Charles and James Leigh, of Staffordshire, who, with many others, went over to France to escape the persecutions directed against the Roman Catholics in England. Georges Bris, a citizen of Douai, gave them financial aid…
DOULTON. In 1818 John Doulton established a stoneware factory in Vauxhall Walk, in connection with John Watts, trading under the style of Doulton & Watts. It had two kilns, and the principal production was stoneware bottles. The year 1832, memorable for the passing of the Reform Bill, was a notable one in the history of the little factory on account of the large business done in the making of "Re…
DRAGONS. The Chinese and Japanese use the dragon very freely in their decorations, their significance varying with the number of their claws. The Chinese variety is almost interminable in its extent - Long, the dragon of heaven ; Kan, the dragon of the mountain ; Li, the dragon of the sea, and many others. Those having five claws are painted only on vases, etc., for the emperor and princes of the …
DRESDEN. Under the heading of Bottger we have already given a short account of the discovery of clay in Germany and the production of the first hard-paste china made in Europe. The Meissen china manufactory was established by order of King Augustus II., of Poland, June 6, 1710, in the castle of the Albrechtsburg, at Meissen. Let it be understood that the terms Meissen, Dresden and Saxon china are …
DRESDEN 17i, and animal painting, while it never approached Sevres in those beautiful ground colors for which that factory is renowned. The Seven Years' War-1756-1763 - almost annihilated the Saxon pottery, the whole store of china being seized by the victorious enemy and sold for 12d,000 thalers - about $86,400. Frederick the Great almost denuded it of workmen, whom he drafted to the factory at B…
DRINKWATER, JAMES.
DUBOUCIIE, ADRIEN.
DUESBURY.
DUNKERQUE.
DUYNJOHANNES VAN.
DWIGHT, JOHN, Fulham, England.
DYCK, KORNELIS VAN.
DYNASTIC COLORS.
E211 early acquainted with the potter's wheel, as appears from a painting on the wall of a tomb at BeniHassan, an illustration of which we give on preceding page. The lotus was frequently used as a decoration, which on the whole was sparingly applied. Under the Ptolemies Greek art superseded Egyptian, but none of the higher classes of Greek artistic pottery was made in Egypt. This in turn was supe…
EAGLE POTTERY COMPANY, Trenton, N.
EARTHENWARE.
EAST LIVERPOOL. A thriving city in the eastern part of Ohio devoted almost entirely to the pottery trade. The first manufactory was built there by the Bennetts, who were quickly followed by Benjamin Harker, and from this small beginning has arisen the present large production. In 1868 the capacity was twenty-nine kilns, Rockingham and yellow being the only wares made. It was not until 1872 that wh…
EAST MORRISANIA CHINA WORKS, 152d Street, New York.
EBELMAN was the successor to Alex.
EDGE, MALKIN & Co. succeeded Cork & Edge at the Newport Pottery, Burslem.
EDWARDS, JAMES.
EDWARDS, JAMES and TimmAs, Kiln Croft Works, Burslem,1825 to 1842.
EDWARDS, WARNER.