SEMI-PORCELAIN.
SENATE.
SEPTFONTAINES (Luxemburg). The brothers Boch, faience makers at Audun-le-Teche, solicited the 25th of June, 1765, of the government of the Low Country the authority to establish a faience fabrique in the suburbs of Luxemburg, at Septfontaines. This being granted, they settled there in 1767. In 1795 Pierre Joseph Boch became sole proprietor of the manufactory, which his descendants are still operat…
SETO WARE. Manufactured at a village called Seto, Owari, Japan. Its origin is of great antiquity, and cannot now be ascertained. It is alluded to in the ceremonial record of the period Yengi, compiled in 927. Kato-Shirozayemon, or Kato-Shiroyemon, who went to China in 1223 for five years, upon his return eventually settled at Seto, having discovered good clay at a place called Oba-gafutokoro. Prev…
SEWELL, SEWELLS & DONK EN, SEWELLS & CO.
SFORZA FAMILY.
SGRAFFIATI, Sgraffiato, or graffite.
SHAW, ANTHONY & Co., Longport, Staffordshire.
SHAW, RALPH, Burslem.
SHELTON.
SHORE, JOSEPH, of Worcester, founded a small pottery at Rails-head Creek, Isleworth, in 176o.
SHRINKAGE. In all plastic clay water is present in two conditions, that which is mixed with the clay to produce plasticity and that which is chemically combined in the clay, and is only removed by the fire. Their expulsion is caused first by artificial heat for the removal of the mechanically mixed water, and commences at all temperatures above freezing point. Second, by firing at a temperature of…
SICILY.
SIENA, Tuscany.
SILVANO, FRANCESCO, had a botega at Urbino at which Xanto worked in 1541, as proved by the signature on a plate representing the storming of Goleta. .
SILVER LUSTER.
SIMPSON, RALPH, was a potter at Burslem in 171o.
SIMPSON, WILLIAM.
SINCENNY (Aisne). Among the numerous fabriques that emanated from Rouen, that of Sincenny should be placed in the foremost rank, its products being for a long time confounded with those of Rouen, which they frequently equaled. This manufactory was founded about 1733 by M. de Fayard, Lord of Sincenny, who conferred the directorship upon Pierre Pelleve, of Rouen. The latter brought with him workmen …
SLIP DECORATED WARE. Slip is clay diluted with water to about the consistency of cream. Designs are produced by pouring the slip through a small pipe in running lines or small drops., The process is a very old one, and was used by the Romans. In Staffordshire a little vessel fitted with various-sized quills was used, the running of the slip being controlled by a little air-hole pierced on the uppe…
SMEARING is produced by the evaporation of certain glazes in closed saggars.
SOAPSTONE, or steatite.
SOLON, LEON, son of the above, seems to have inherited his father's talent, and the few designs we have seen executed by him for Messrs.
SONOROUS STONE.
SOUFFLB.
SOUTH AMBOY, NEW JERSEY.
SOUTH AMERICA. Long before the days of the Aztecs in the north and the Peruvians under the Incas in the south there existed an aboriginal race whose pottery has come down to us. Not the least remarkable thing in it is its similarity in form and even in symbols to the course taken in ceramic art in Europe, Asia and Africa. When Peruvian civilization began we have no means of ascertaining. It has be…
SPAANDONCH, THOMAS.
SPAIN. The greatest antiquity in connection with pottery must be ascribed to Valencia. Pliny stating that at Saguntum, now called Murviedro. there were twelve hundred potteries. The remains found there are all of Roman character, of which the most important is the red Samian ware. Of the period intervening between the downfall of Roman civilization and the occupation by the Saracens in the eighth …
SPARKES, MRS.
SPEELER & TAYLOR were the pioneer potters of Trenton, N.
SPITTOON s.
SPRIGGED WARE.
SPRINGER & Co., Elbogen. Established in 1815 and now the largest factory in Austria. Both the clay and coal used in the manufactory are found in the immediate neighborhood. Probably the largest oven in the world is in use here, being twenty feet in diameter and three stories high. The first floor is used for glost and the second and third for biscuit ware, the glost fire being the hardest. A good …
STAFFORDSHIRE FIGURES. Earthenware figures, oftentimes imitations of the porcelain productions of Chelsea and other factories, more or less artistically colored, were made in The Potteries' by Ralph Wood, grandfather of Enoch Wood ; Wedgwood, Voyez, Neale, Enoch Wood, Bott, Wilson, Lakin & Poole, and others. The list is nearly a chronological one. Original subjects were not wanting, some of them b…
STAMNOS.
STAMPED WARE.
STANNIFEROUS.
STEELE, AARON.
STEPHENS, W.
STEuBENVILLE, Ohio.
STEVENSON, A., was at the Cobridge works from 1815 to 182o.
STEVENSON, R., was also an earthenware manufacturer at Co-bridge, and he, too, produced some American designs.
STOCKTON-ON-TEES.
STOKE-UPON-TRENT, Staffordshire.
STONE CHINA.
STONEWARE. Earthenware is usually divided into two classifications, soft and hard - the former with a non-vitrified, the latter with a vitrified fracture. Of the latter the gres of Germany and the Lambeth Doulton represent the earlier and later developments. It is seldom glazed otherwise than with salt. (See Salt Glaze.) The Chinese made stoneware covered with porcelain. Stoneware was made at Beau…
STONIER, JOHN.
STRASBURG (Alsace). About I709 Charles Hannong founded at Strasburg a manufactory where he produced the first faience painted on the enamel in imitation of porcelain. In the beginning the products were chiefly pipes and stoves made in imitation of those of Germany and Switzerland. Later, in 1721, Hannong took as a partner a workman from Meissen named Wackenfeld, who had unsuccessfully tried to est…
STRAUS, L., & SoNs.
STREHLA, Germany.
STROOM, PAULUS VAN DER.
STROOM, PIETER VAN DER.
STUBBS & KENT, Longport, made similar ware to above, and probably this was for some time the style of the firm founded by Joseph Stubbs, though Jewett does not mention them, stating that Joseph Stubbs was succeeded by Mayers.
STUBBS, JOSEPH, founded the Dalehall Works in 179o, and owned them up to 1829.
SUNDERLAND, England.
SUN-DRIED POTTERY.
SUZUKI, YASUBEI, established a kiln at Ota, near Yokohama, for the purpose of making an imitation of Satsuma ware.
SWANSEA. The beautiful china made here was undoubtedly due to the genius of Billingsley, the painter of Derby, of Worcester, and of Coalport, and the manufacturer of Nantgarw and Pinxton. The de f tly painted roses of Billingsley occur both on Nantgarw and Swansea china, but certain embossed patterns in low relief and uncolored are almost characteristic of Swansea. The Swansea works were conducted…
SWINTON, near Rotherham. A pottery of common earthenware? was founded here in 1745 by Mr. Edward Butler, which in 1765 passed into the hands of William Ma1pass. who had as partners John Brameld and his son William. In 1778 Thomas Bingley became the principal proprietor, trading under the style of Thomas Bingley CA 6.1 BRWP 55o SWI NTON & Co. The two-handled drinking cup illustrated is an example …
SWITZERLAND.
TAFT, J.
TAKAHASHI, Dolimn'.
TAKATORI WARE. The factory is situated in a village called Sobara-mura, in the Province of Chikuzen, Japan, where an imitation of Chinese ware had already been made in the periods Onin and Bunmei (1467-86). The most eminent maker is said to have been Hachizo. The ware, for which a red-colored clay was used, is known as Ko-Takatori. The first glaze is rather a light brown, and is marbled by spreadi…
TALAVERA-LA-REYNA (Spain). This small place, situated near Toledo, was so renowned for its faiences in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that it was customary to speak in Spain of Talaveraas in'Eng:and of Delft when faience with stanniferouscnamel was referred to, without regard to the fabrique from which it came. And, singularly enough, there is no manufactory whose products are less known…
TAMBA WARE.
TAMIKICHI, KATO, in 18ot went to Arita, in the Province of Hizen, Japan, where, in furtherance of his plans for studying porcelain making, he married the (laughter of a china manufacturer established there.
TAMURA, GONZAYEMON.
TARDESSIR, DOMENICO.
TASSIE, JAMES.
TATLER DECORATING COMPANY, Trenton, N.
TAVERNES (Var).
TAYLOR.
TAYLOR, WILLIAM W.
TAYLOR, WILLIAM and JAMES, were throwers at the Jersey City Pottery (1829). "It was here that the throwing and turning of earthenware upon the English principle were first performed in America," says The Ceramic Art.
TEBO.
TECHNOLOGY. The meaning of certain terms used in pottery from diversity of usage has become somewhat obscured, some authors using one term, some another. Porcelain and china are synonymous and apply to ware of a semi-translucent nature, whether of natural or artificial composition. Yet the word porcelain is often used in describing various wares, from the glazed pottery of Egypt and the fine majo…
TECO.
TELLWRIGHT.
TER HIM PELIN painted marine subjects at Delft about 1650.
TERVUEREN, near Brussels, Belgium.
THE CAUGHLEY CHINA WORKS.
THE PIONEER POTTERY OF.
THOOFT ( JOOST) & LABOUCHERE, Delft. "The Porcelain Bottle," founded in 1672. and "The Bell" were the only potteries remaining in Delft in 1848, in which year "The Bell" was silenced forever. Its one remaining rival, conducted by two sisters, led a precarious existence until some time in the seventies it was purchased by Joost Thooft. He was fortunate to secure the cooperation of M. Adolf Lecomte,…
THORVALSDEN, the Danish sculptor whose works, reproduced in terra-cotta and biscuit by the Danish potters, have been made familiar and served as an art education to thousands who would have had no chance to see the originals.
THOUARS.
THOUROUT, near Brussels, Belgium.
THROWER, THROWING.
TIC KEN HALL, Derbyshire.
TIIANG-KONG.
TIIIEME, CARL, Potschapel.
TILES. In the Middle Ages one of the widest-spread uses of burned clay consisted in the employment of encaustic glazed paving tiles (see Encaustic Tiles) that replaced the mosaics previously used for paving temples and palaces. It would require a volume to pass in review the thousand varied combinations of these tiles created by the ingenious caprice of skilled artisans of the fourteenth and fifte…
TITHE PIG. This group of three figures was originally made at the Derby China Works, and was copied by the Staffordshire potters the latter part of the last century. It was a popular chimney-piece ornament. TIN woRTH, GEo. Artist and modeler in clay, born at Walworth in 1843. His father was a wheelwright in a small way of business, and failed to recognize the great gift bestowed on his son, punish…
TOFF, THOS. A Staffordshire potter, who had a small works at Tinker's Clough, midway between Shelton and Newcastle-under-Lyme, about the middle of the seventeenth century. He made large dishes of common earthenware decorated with slip, and from the preponderance of examples bearing his name these slip dishes are often described as Toft ware. He was probably the first to attempt anything as ambitio…
TOFT & WHEELING, Charles Street Works, Hanley.
TOFT, CHAS. One of the most proficient artisans the century has produced. From 1868 to 1883 he was employed at the Minton factory, and to him was entrusted the reproduction of the celebrated faience d'Oiron pieces, which were executed with marvelous fidelity, and which for modern-day productions realized enormous prices. He has been aptly described as "King of the Potter's Bench," and such, no dou…
TOMATARO, KATO, Koishekawa, Tokio.
TOMBSTONES.
TOME, JANSz.
TOOTH & Co., Bretby, near Burton-on-Trent.
TORELLI is a small Florentine potter who has attained some success in the manufacture of white enameled figures of children, cupids, etc.
TORTOISE.
TORTOISESIIELL WARE.
TOUR-D'AIGUES (Vaucluse).
TOURNAY, Belgium.
TOURS, INDRE-ET-L0111E.