GRUTZNER, EDUARD, born at Gross Carlowitz, Silesia, May 26, 1846. Genre painter, pupil of Munich Academy and of Piloty ; devoted himself to humourous genre, and at once attained great suc cess with his scenes from Shakespeare. Afterwards the amusing sides of monastic and hunting life became his principal themes. Professor at the Munich Academy. Gold medal, Berlin, 1872. Honorary Member of Munich …
HOLBEIN, EDUARD, born in Berlin in 1807, died there, Feb. 19, 1875. History and genre painter, pupil of Karl Begas, with whose works his first picture in 1836 was ranked. He took his great namesake, Hans Holbein the younger, for his model ; became professor at Berlin Academy, where his most famous pupil was Gustav Richter. Works : Aged Pilgrim dying in Sight of Jerusalem (1836) ; Madonna (1838) ; …
MAGNUS, EDUARD, born in Berlin, Jan. 7, 1799, died there, Aug. 8, 1872. Genre and portrait painter, pupil of Berlin Academy ; visited France and Italy in 1826-29, Italy again and England in 183135, France and Spain in 1850-53 ; became member of Berlin Academy in 1837, and professor in 1844 ; excelled in female portraits. Medal, 2d class, Paris, 1855 ; Order of Red Eagle ; Order of SL MichaeL Work…
SCHWOISER, EDUARD, born at Beisau, Moravia, in 1827. Genre and history painter, self-taught. In 1857 changed from genre to history, and later took up monumental painting. Works : Mother Convalescent (1856); Albrecht von Hapsburg blessing his Son before Departure for Palestine (1855) ; Henry IV. at Canossa, Maximilianeum, Munich. Fresco : Tournament in Munich Market Place, and other historical subj…
VIRGIN, EDUCATION OF, Jean Jouvenet, Uffizi, Florence ; canvas. The Virgin, her hands joined, kneels before her mother, who points with her finger to letters on a paper spread out upon her knees ; Joachim leans upon a chair in which St. Anna is seated ; in background, young girls at work ; above, the heads of cherubim smiling in the clouds. Engraved by Pierre Drevet. Several repetitions. - Larouss…
PERSEUS, EDVARD, born at Lund, Dec. 23, 1841. History and genre painter, pupil of Stockholm Academy ; went in 1867 to Dusseldorf, studied in Munich under Piloty (1869-72), went in 1872 to Italy, and returned to Sweden in 1875. Works : Judith ; Katharina MAnsdotter visiting Erich XIV. in Prison ; Katharina Minsdotter in Old Age. - Oust. Tidning, 1876. have acted as assistant to Pietro della Fran, …
ARMITAGE, EDWARD, born in London, May 20, 1817. History painter ; pupil in Paris (1836) of Paul Delaroche, whom he assisted in painting the Hemicycle in the Paris Ecole des Beaux Arts. In 1840 he sent Prometheus Bound to the Paris Salon, and in 1843 he was awarded a prize of ?300 at the Westminster Hall Exhibition, for his cartoon of the Landing of Caesar in Britain. His cartoon, The Spirit of Rel…
POEL, EGBERT VAN DER, born at Delft, baptized March 9, 1621, died at Rotterdam, buried July 29, 1664. Dutch school ; genre and landscape painter. Probably scholar of Esaias van de Velde, and of Aart van der Neer ; member of the guild in Delft, Oct. 17, 1650 ; painted especially conflagrations, but also pleasing genre pieces and interiors, with life-like figures of clear and warm colouring. Works :…
EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SEVEN, Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier, Mrs. A. T. Stewart, New York ; canvas, H. 4 ft. 6 in. x 8 ft. At first called Friedland, but finally named after the date of the battle. Scene - a ceremonial review of the exhausted victorious troops after the nine hours' fighting which made Napoleon dictator of Europe. The Twelfth Cuirassiers galloping through the trampled grain are rising…
ELISABETH (nee Vigee), born in Paris, April 16, 1755, died there, March 30, 1842. French school ; port r ai t, history, and landscape painter. Taught drawing by her father, portrait painter, and by Briard, painting by Doyen and Joseph Vernet ; perfected the old masters at the LEBSCIIEE age of sixteen had painted many portraits. In 1774 she was made a member of the Academy of St.. Luke, and in 1783…
SPITZER, EMANUEL, born at Papa, Hungary, Oct. 30, 1845. Genre painter, mostly self-taught ; worked in Paris in 1864-67, for " L'Art pour tour," settled in Munich in 1871, and is one of the contributors to " Fliegende Blatter." Works : Fisher Boy (1873) ; Girl at the Well, Girl playing among Flowers (1875); Little Darling, Surprise for Papa (1877) ; Sweet Gossip (1878); Permission for Dancing (1884…
ENTOMBMENT, Michelangelo da Caratag*, Vatican, Rome ; canvas, H. 9 ft. 11 in. x 6 ft. 7 in. The body of Christ is borne by Nicodemus and St. John, behind whom are the Virgin, the Magdalen, and Salome. Renowned picture of the master. Formerly in S. M. Nuova, Rome. Copy in mosaic in chapel of Holy Sacrament, St. Peter's. Copy by Rubens in Liechtenstein Gallery, Vienna. Engraved by Snyderhoef ; Soutm…
PROCACCINI, ERCOLE, called the younger, born in Milan in 1596, died there in 1676. Bolognese school ; son of Carlo Antonio Procaccini and pupil of his uncle Giulio Cesare. Painted historical and still-life subjects, but excelled in the latter. After the death of Giulio Cesare, he became director of the Academy of the Procaccini. One of his best works is the Assumption in S. M. Maggiore, Bergamo. -…
DEGER, ERNST, born at Bockenem, Hanover, April 15, 1809, died at Dusseldorf, Jan. 27, 1885. History painter, pupil in 1828 of the Berlin Academy under Wach, and in 1829- of the Dusseldorf Academy under Schadow. In Rome in 1837-41 he prepared himself to paint the frescos in the St. Apollinaris chapel at Remagen, which he executed conjointly with Ittenbach, and Andreas and Karl Mailer, in 1843-51. H…
HILDEBRAND, ERNST, born at Falkenberg, Lusatia, in 1833. Genre painter, pupil in Berlin of Steffeck ; spent one year in Paris, and in 1875 became professor at the Carlsruhe Art School, afterwards at the Berlin Academy, which position he resigned in 1885 ; first practised decorative painting, then turned to portrait, and finally to genre, painting, which he treats in a realistic manner. Medal in Vi…
NICOL, ERSKINE, born at Leith, Scot land, July, 1825. Genre painter, pupil of Trustees' Academy, Edinburgh; when twenty years old went to Dublin, where he lived four years, and after his return to Edinburgh paint that he soon became a member of the B. S.A. Removed in 1863 to London, where he has since resided. Elected an A.R.A. in 1866. Many of his works are well known through engravings. Medal, 2…
VELDE, ESAIAS VAN DE, born in Amsterdam about 1590, died at The Hague, buried Nov. 18, 1630. Dutch school ; landscape and battle painter. Entered the Haarlem Guild in 1612, and that of The Hague in 1618. Works : Diner Champetre (1614), Hague Museum ; Surrender of Bois-le-Due (1629), Frolic on the Ice, Prince Maurice " bell-ing" the Cat (copy?), Amsterdam Museum ; Wooded Landscape, Haarlem Museum ;…
ESTHER AND AHASUERUS, Julius Schrader, National Gallery, Berlin ; canvas, H. 6 ft. 5 in. x8 ft. 3 in.; signed, dated 1856. Illustration of Esther, Ch. V. Ahasuerus, at left, lowering his sceptre graciously, greets Queen Esther, who swoons in the arms of her two attendants ; behind him the anxious Haman ; at right, at entrance of palace, two soldiers. Figures life size, seen to knees. By Tintoretto…
JEAURAT, ETIENNE, born in Paris, Feb. 8, 1699, died in Versailles, Dec. 14, 1789. French school Genre painter, pupil of Vleughels, whom he accompanied to (1724). On his return to France, he was elected a member of the Academy, and produced pictures of great merit. Many of his works have been engraved. Member Academy 17 3 3 ; professor, 1 743 ; rector, 1765 ; chancellor, 1781 ; custodian of the Ve…
HILLEMACHER, EUGENE ERNEST, born in Paris, Oct. 13, 1818. History painter, pupil of Cogniet. Fond of painting episodes in the lives of famous men. Medals : 2d class, 1848, 1857 ; 1st class, 1861, 1863 ; L. of Honour, 1865. Works : Death of St. Sebastian (1842); Magdalen at the Sepulchre (1845) ; Old Woman and Children (1847) ; Neapolitan Fishermen, Confessional (1848); Chess Players under Louis XI…
FROMENTIN, EUGENE, born at La Rochelle (Char an te-Inf erieure), Oct. 24, 1820, died at St. Maurice, near La Rochelle, Aug. 27, 1876. Genre painter, pupil of Remond and Cabat; visited Algiers in 1846-48 and in 1852-53, and brought home many sketches, from which he painted his characteristic pictures of Oriental life. He was the author of a successful romance, " Dominique " (1863), and of admirabl…
VERBOECKHOVEN, EUGENE J 0 - SEPH, born at Warneton, West Flanders, June 9, 1799, died in Brussels, Jan. 19, 1881. Animal painter, son and pupil of the sculptor Bartholemi Verboeckhoven ; visited England in 1826, Germany in 1828, France and Italy in 1841, and settled in Brussels. Member of Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Amster dam, and St. Petersburg Academies. L of Honour ; Commander of Orders of Leop…
AGNENI, EUGENIO, born at Sutri, near Rome, Italy, in 1819. Pupil of F. Co- ghetti in Rome, where he went in 1832. When 18, he executed large paintings for churches, and in 1847 was employed by Pius IX. to decorate the throne-room in the QuirinaL He took part in the defence of Rome in 1848, and fled to Savona, where he aided Coghetti in frescoing the cathedral in 1849. He then decorated the palaces…
BLOCK, EUGENIUS FRANS DE, born at Grammont, East Flanders, May 14,1812. Genre painter ; pupil at Ghent of Van Huffel, and in Antwerp of Braekeleer ; since 1833 has exhibited genre scenes from low life, cum, Dec. 25, 1564, died at Utrecht about 1658. Dutch school; history, portrait, and landscape painter ; pupil of Joost de Beer at Utrecht, and, after having studied in Paris un der inns Francken at…
KRUGER, EUGEN, born at Altona, Dec. 26, 1832, died at Thisternbrook, near Kiel, July 8, 1876. Landscape and animal painter, pupil in Vienna of Gurlitt (1852), with whom he visited Hungary ; then went with Adolf Schreyer to Dusseldorf, where he acquired reputation as a painter of animals of the chase. In 1859 be moved to Hamburg, whence he visited Great Britain, France, Switzerland, Italy, and Sici…
GOYET, EUGiNE, born at Chillon-surSatme, Feb. 7, 1798, died in Paris, May 17, 1857. History and genre painter, pupil of Gros. Son of Jean Baptiste Goyet, genre painter (1779-1854). Medals : 2d class, 1831 ; 1st class, 1839. Works : Cimabue or the Renaissance of Painting (1831) ; Chancellor Voysin and Louis XIV. (1833); Christ (1839), Chalon Museum ; Foulques de Villaret (1841), Versailles Museum ;…
LE POITTEVIN, EUGkNE (MODESTE EDMOND), called Poidevin born in Paris, July 31, 1806, died there, Aug. 6, 1870. Landscape and genre painter, pupil of gcole des Beaux Arts and of Louis Hersent. Travelled much on the Continent and in England. His first picture, The Harvesters (1 82 6), was bought by the Duchesse de Berri. Medals : 2d class, 1831; lst class, 1836 ; 2d class, 1848 ; 3d class, 1855 ; L…
EDEN, EXPULSION FROM (Genesis, iii. 24), Giuseppe Cesari, Louvre ; copper, H. 1 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 2 in. Adam and Eve, nude, fleeing to right ; at left, the angel with a sword. Collections of Prince de Carignan, of Prince de Conti, and of Louis XVL Engraved by Levasseur in Huge francais ; Villerey in Filhol - Landon, vii. 10 ; Filhol, ii. 134 ; REveil, vi. 385. By Masaccio, Brancacci Chapel, Carmin…
MANNA, FALL OF, Nicolas Pousstn, Louvre, Paris ; canvas, H. 4 ft. 10 in. x 6 ft. 6 in. Scene : a rocky desert, with high cliffs and trees on each side, and the tents of Israel in a valley in background ; in middle ground, Moses and Aaron, with people prostrating themselves before them ; in foreground, men, women, and children gathering manna. Painted in Rome in 1639 for M. de Chantelon, whence pas…
FEAST DI HOUSE OF LEVI (Luke v. 29), Paolo Veronese, Venice Academy ; canvas, H. 19 ft. 8 in. x 46 ft.; dated 1573. Table spread in a portico pierced by three arcades ; Christ, seated in middle, facing the spectator, talks with SS. Peter and John beside him ; nearly opposite him sits Simon the Pharisee, master of the house, and at A palace with lofty halls and colonnades Christ, at table in middle…
FEAST IN HOUSE OF THE PHARISEE (Luke vii. 36), Moreno, S. M. della Pieta, Venice ; canvas, life-size ; signed, dated 1544. the prototype of the style elaborated by Paolo Veronese. - Ridolfi, Maraviglie, i. 348 ; C. & C., N. Italy, ii. 408. By Paolo Veronese, Brera, Milan ; canvas, H. 9 ft. x 23 ft. The guests seated at two L-shaped tables on each side of a grand hall, with an arch in distance lead…
NERLY, FEDERIGO, born at Erfurt, Nov. 24, 1807, died in Venice, Oct 21, 1878. Real name Friedrich von Nehrlich. Landscape and architecture painter, pupil in Hamburg of Baron Rumohr, who enabled him to visit Italy ; after living several years in Rome settled in 1837 in Venice, where he met with great success, and painted many views of the city. Honorary member of Venice Academy. Works : Titian taki…
MAZO, FELIPE, born at Barcelona, Spain ; contemporary. History and genre painter ; studied at first law, but went to Paris in 1871 and became a pupil of Bonnat ; his works show vivid imagination and great power, but lack careful execution. Medals in London and Antwerp. Studio in Paris. Works : Columbus and his Son (1875), Valparaiso Museum ; Columbus at Sea ; Columbus at La Rabida ; Patron Saint's…
LANOUE, FELIX HIPPOLYTE, born in Versailles, Oct. 14, 1812, died at Ivry, Jan. 21, 1872. Landscape painter, pupil of V. Bertin, Horace Vernet, and of the Ecole des Beaux Arts ; won the 2d prix for landscape in 1837, the grand prix in 1841 ; went a second time to Italy, as also to Russia and Holland, and returned to Paris a landscape painter of the naturalistic school. Medals : 2d class, 1847, 1861…
BARRIAS, FELIX JOSEPH, born in Paris, Sept. 13, 1822. History painter, pupil of Leon Cogniet in 1836, obtained the grand prix de Rome in 1844, for his picture of Cincinnatus receiving the Deputies of the Senate. First exhibited at the Salon in 1847. Painted frescos in S. Eustache, La Trinite, in the Grand Hotel du Louvre, and other public buildings. Medals : 3d class, 1847 ; lst class, 1851 ; 2d …
BRAEKELEER, FERDDIANDUS DE, born in Antwerp, Feb. 19, 1792, died there, May 16, 1883. History and genre painter ; pupil of the Antwerp Academy, and of M. L van Bret:, ; obtained the great prize in 1819, and studied three years in Rome, where he painted historical subjects in the style of David ; after his return devoted himself to genre subjects; especially family scenes. He has educated many pupi…
BRUCKMANN, FERDINAND ALEXANDER, born at Ellwangen, Feb. 21, 1806, died in Stuttgart, Feb. 9, 1852. History and portrait painter ; pupil of Wachter in Stuttgart, in 1826, and of H. von Hess in Munich, in 1827-29. In 1829 he went to Rome, and returned to Munich in 1833, when he painted in the king's bedchamber fourteen subjects from Theocritus, partly after sketches by Hess, partly after his own. Fr…
BOL, FERDINAND, born at Dordrecht, in 1611, died in Amsterdam; buried, July 24, 1680. Dutch school; pupil of Rembrandt, whose studio he entered about 1630, and one of his most successful imitators. Lived chiefly at Amsterdam, where in 1653 he married Elizabeth Dell. Painted many historical pictures, excelled in portraits, and was an excellent etcher. Among his numerous works in European galleries…
KELLER, FERDINAND, born in Carla ruhe, Aug. 5, 1842. Landscape, history, portrait, and genre painter, pupil of Carlsruhe Art School under Schirmer, then of Canon ; visited, in 1866, and later, France and Italy. In 1858 he accom panied his father and brother to Brazil, whence he brought studies for his tropical landscapes. His first historical painting, the Death of Philip IL, exhibited in Paris i…
SCHAUSS, FERDINAND, born in Berlin in 1832. Genre, figure, and portrait painter, pupil of Steffeck, and in Paris of Cogniet ; visited England, Holland, Belgium, Italy, and Spain, studying especially the portraits by the old masters. Became professor at the Weimar Art School, in 1873, but returned to Berlin in 1876. His female and children's portraits are distinguished for delicate colouring and re…
FICHEL, (BENJAMIN) EUGENE, born in Paris, Aug. 30, 1826. French school ; genre painter, pupil of P. Delaroche ; paints small pictures, carefully and skilfully executed, somewhat in style of Meissonier. Medals : 3d class, 1857, 1861, 1869 ; L. of Honour, 1870. Works : Holy Family (1849); Harvey proving the Circulation of the Blood (1851), Paris Medical School ; Dressing, Levee (1853) ; Morning Inti…
LIPPI, FILIPPINO, born at Prato in 1457-58, died in Florence, April 18, 1504. Buti, but perhaps an adopted son (C. & C.). Vasari says he was a pupil of Sandro Botticelli, but he was probably taught first by Fra Diamante. He shows high power of ex pression and composition in the Vision of St.. Bernard, in the Badia, one of the most charming pictures in Florence, painted when he was only about twen…
LAURI, FILIPPO, born in Rome in 1623, died there in 1694. Roman school ; son and pupil of Baldassare Lauri (1570-1642), a landscape painter of Antwerp, and brother of Francesco Lauri (1610-35), a famous pupil of Andrea Sacchi, but who died young, after exciting the greatest hopes. Filippo, who was deformed, had instruction from Francesco, and afterwards from Caroselli, who married his sister ; but…
MOSES, FINDING OF, Nicolas Poussin, Louvre, Paris ; canvas, H. 2 ft. 9 in. x 3 ft. 11 in. Seven figures. Thermutis, daughter of Pharaoh, standing on the bank of the Nile between two of her women, on the shoulder of one of whom she is leaning ; by a young girl behind her, is accompanied by six women ; at right, two women standing, and one kneeling near the basket containing the little Moses ; at le…
FIORENZO DI LORENZO, born at Perugia about 1440-50, died after 1521. Umbrian school, probably a pupil of Benedetto Bonfigli. In 1472 he contracted to paint an Assumption of the Virgin, the principal parts of which are now in the Perugia Academy. Though the figures are of common type and the action is broken and exaggerated, the drawing is good and the execution carefuL The influence of Perugino up…
FLAGELLATION (Fr., Christ I k Colonne ; ItaL, Nostra Signore flagenato ails Colonns ; Sp., Cristo a la columns ; Ger., Geisselung Christi), the scourging of Christ previous to crucifixion (Math xxvii. 26 ; Mark xv. 15; Luke xviii. 16 ; John xix. 1). Sometimes called Christ at the Column. By Murillo, Duke of Wellington, London; canvas, II L ft. 4 in. x 10 in. An executioner scourges the Saviour whi…
FLIGHT INTO EGYPT (Fr., Fuite en Egypte ; It., Fuga in Egitto ; Sp., Huida Egipto ; Ger., Flucht nach Egypten). The flight of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph into Egypt to escape the pursuit of Herod. By Claude Lorrain, Dresden Museum ; canvas, H. 3 ft 3 in. x 4 ft. 4 in. The Virgin, with Jesus in her arms, is mounted upon an ass, which is preceded by an angel ; behind, Joseph, leaning on his staff. The l…
LOT, FLIGHT OF, Luca Giordano, Dresden Gallery ; canvas, H. 5 ft. 4 in. x 7 ft. 2 in. Lot reclining, cup in hand, with his two daughters beside him; in distance, Sodom and Gomorrah burning and Lot's wife turned to salt. Engraved by J. F. Beauvarlet. - Gal. roy. de Dresde, ii. PL 37; R6veil, v. 344. By Guercino, Dresden Gallery ; canvas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. x 7 ft. 4 in. Acquired in 1744 for 4,500 livr…
WILLEMS, FLORENT, born at Liege, Jan. 8, 1823. Genre painter, pupil of Mechlin Academy ; studied especially the old Dutch masters, and attracted attention as early as 1840 ; the great success of his picture, exhibited in Paris in 1844, induced him to settle there. Medals : Paris, 3d class, 1844 ; 2d class, 1846 ; 1st class, 1855, 1867, 1878 ; L. of Honour, 1853 ; Officer, 1864 ; Commander, 1878 ; …
FORTUNE-TELLER, Michelangelo da Caravaggio, Capitol Gallery, Rome. One of his earliest works. - Meyer, Kiinst. Lex., i. 614. By Michelangelo da Caravaggio, Louvre ; canvas, K 3 ft. 3 in. x 4 ft. 3 in. A. gypsy holding the right hand of a young man elegantly clad, who appears to listen attentively. Bellori says that Caravaggio painted this picture to prove that one can be a good painter without hav…
FORTUNY Y CARBO, MARIANO, born at Rens in Catalonia, June 11, 1838, died in Rome, Nov. 21, 1874. Genre painter, pupil of Palau, of Claudio Lorenzalez, and of the Barcelona Academy, where he won the prix de Rome in 1856. At Rome, whichbecame thence forth his principal residence, he studied Raphael and made sketches of Roman life. In 1859 he was sent to Morocco by the government to paint the incide…
FOUQUIERES (Foequier), JA.CQUES, born in Antwerp about 1600, died in Paris in 1659. Flemish school ; landscape painter, pupil of Joost de Momper and of Velvet Brueghel, and perhaps also of Rubens, for whom he painted backgrounds ; master of the guild at Antwerp in 1614. Invited by the Elector Palatine Frederick V., he went about 1616 or 1618 to Heidelberg to decorate the castle, and in 1621 to Pa…
FRANCESCA DA RIMMI, Alexandre Cabanel. See Paolo and Francesca. By Dominique Ingres, Angers Museum ; canvas. Illustration of the medieval story of Francesca da Rimini, as related by Dante and Boccaccio. Francesca, the wife of Giovanni Malatesta, called from his lameness from birth Gianciotto (commonly made into Lancelotto), fell in love with her handsome brother-in-law, Paolo Malatesta, a liaison …
BASSANO, FRANCESCO, born at Bas sano in 1550, died in Venice, July 4, 1591. Venetian school; real name Francesco da Ponte ; eldest son and pupil of Jacopo Bassano. Established himself at Venice; employed in decorating the Palazzo Ducale, where he painted the Siege of Padua and five other pictures. He also executed for churches large works which were deservedly admired. Became melancholy and kille…
BONSIGNORI, FRANCESCO DI ALBERTO, born in Verona, in 1455, died at Caldiera, near Verona, July 2, 1519. Lombard school ; brought up in the Veronese school, he came under the influence of Mantegna at Mantua after he had formed a manner of his own, and acquired such proficiency that the Marquis Francesco Gonzaga gave him in 1487 a house and a salary, and retained him in his service until his death. …
GESSI, FRANCESCO, born in Bologna, Jan. 20, 1588, died in 1649. Bolognese school ; pupil of Calvaert and of Cremonini; afterwards of Guido, whose assistant he was, together with Sementi, in his great works in Ravenna, Naples, and Mantua. Some of his earlier pictures nearly approach the excellence of his master, but his facility of execution led him to abuse his talents, and his later works show th…
GUARD', FRANCESCO, born in Venice in 1712, died in 1793. Venetian school ; architecture and landscape painter, pupil and imitator of Canaletto ; painted many views of Venice, which, though less precise in perspective and architectural detail than those of his master, are charming in style and execution. Works : View of Venice, S. M. de la Salute, Fete of Corpus Domini, Fete of Jeudi Gras, Processi…
HAYEZ, FRANCESCO, born in Venice, Feb. 10, 1791, died in Milan, Feb. 11, 1882. History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil of Maggiotto and of Venice Academy under Cicognara ; studied also in Farsetti Gallery, then at Milan Academy, where in 1809 he obtained the prize for Rome, there studied under Palagi, and then went to Florence and Venice ; painted afterwards frescos in the Vatican, Rome, and i…
SQUARCIONE, FRANCESCO, born in Padua in 1394, died there in 1474. Paduan school ; in 1422 he inherited enough from his father, Giovanni, a notary, to enable him to set up a tailor and embroiderer's shop. Embroidery being akin to the art of designing, he was attracted to the study of painting. In time he opened the earliest Italian art academy in his native city, where, as he says, 137 pupils were …
BIGIO, FRANCIA, born in Florence, in 1482, died there, Jan. 14, 1525. Florentine school; real name Francesco di Cristofano, but commonly called Francia Bigio, which Baldinucci erroneouslymakes into Marcantonio Franciabigi. Vasari gener ally calls him Il Francis. Pupil of Mariotto Albertinelli, whose style he followed, though later he modified it by study of Andrea del Sarto, who became his intima…
HERRERA, FRANCISCO DE, el Viejo (the elder), born in Seville about 1576, died in Madrid in 1656. Spanish school; pupil of Luis Fernandez, but disdaining to imitate him, adopted a free bold style, and became one of the most original and famous artists of his time in Spain. He painted many religious compositions, and attracted numerous students, among whom was Velasquez, but his temper was so viole…
ZURBARAN, FRANCISCO (DE), born at Fuente de Cantos, Estremadura, Nov. 7, 1598, died in Madrid in 1662. Spanish school ; son of simple labourers ; pupil of Juan de las Roelas, afterwards imitated style of Caravaggio, whence called the Spanish Caravaggio. In 1625 he painted a series of scenes from the life of St. Peter for the v lasquez. He painted in 1650 the Labours of Hercules, in ten pictures, f…
FRANCIS OF ASSISI, ST., or LA PORCIUNCITIA, Murillo, Madrid Museum ; canvas, H. 6 ft. 9 in.x4 ft. 9 in.; figures a little less than life-size. The Saint, kneeling on right before an altar placed on left, looks up to the Saviour who is seated on clouds, one hand in benediction, the other supporting a cross ; the Virgin is seated on the right, with the left hand extended ; above, heads and cherubs ;…
BARRY, FRANcOIS BERNARD, born in Marseilles, May 3, 1813. Landscape and marine painter, pupil of Aubert and Th. Gudin. His marine paintings are particularly good. Medals : 3d class, 1840 ; 2d class, 1843. Works : A Fog, Fishing Boats (1840) ; Leaving the Harbour of Marseilles, Tunny-Fishing (1843) ; Arrival of the Queen at Treport (1845); After the Storm, Ships Becalmed (1849) ; New Parliament Hou…
BOUCHER, FRANcOIS, born in Paris, Sept. 29, 1703, died there, May 30, 1770. French school ; history and genre painter, mostly self-taught ; attended three months the school of Le Moine, then employed in draw ing for engravers from his own compositions or Wattelet's. In 1723 he obtained the first prize at the Academy and later went to Rome with Carle van Loo. Returning to Paris in 1731, was recei…
CLOUET, FRANcOIS, born in Tours about 1500, died between 1570 and 1572. French school ; son and probably pupil of Jean Clouet; also called, like his father, Janet or Maitre Jehannet. Received letters of naturalization from Francis L in 1541,when he succeeded his father as painter and valet de chambre to the king ; held same offices under Henry H. and Charles IX. Works : Portrait of Francis L (1534…
PICOT, FRANCOIS EDOUARD, born in Paris, Oct. 17, 1786, died there, March 15, 1868. Genre painter, pupil of Vincent, and a follower, though not an imitator, of the school of David. Won the grand prix in 1813, and spent five years in Rome. Known as Le Pere Picot on account of his many distinguished pupils, among whom were Pils, Cabanel, Henner, Bouguereau, Lenepveu, Benouville, Gustave Moreau, and E…
HEM, FRANcOIS JOSEPH, born at Belfort, Jan. 15, 1787, died in Paris, Oct. 20, 1865. History painter, pupil of Vincent, won grand prix in 1807, and lived in Rome about six years. With the rise of the romantic school he lost his popularity, and was called by the critics the fossil of the Academy, but his merits were again recognized at the Salon of 1855. Medals : 1st class, 1812 ; Member of Institut…
NAVEZ, FRANcOIS JOSEPH, born at Charleroi, Nov. 16, 1787, died in Brussels, Oct. 12, 1869. History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil of Isidore Francois, and of Brussels Academy, where he had won all the prizes, when, in 1813, he went to Paris to study under David, whom he followed into exile. In 1817-22 he was in Rome, and in 1839 became director of the Brussels Acad emy. Order of Lion, 1825 ;…
LE MOYNE, FRANCOIS, born in Paris in 1688, died there, June 14, 1737. French school ; genre painter, pupil of Galloche for twelve years ; won the grand prix in 1711, and made member of the Academy in 1718 ; went to Italy in 1723, and after his return Church of Saint Sulpice and the Salon of Hercules at Versailles; was named first painter to the king, with a pension of 4,000 livres. Became insane …
GRAN-ET, FRANcOIS-MARIUS, born in Aix, Provence, Dec. 17, 1775, died there, Nov. 21, 1849. Architecture painter, first instructed by an unknown Italian, then by the landscape painter Constantin, and after wards by David in Paris. In 1802 he went to Rome, where he spent the greater part of his life and painted most of his pictures. They were chiefly interiors of churches, monasteries, etc., with h…
BONVIN, FRANcOIS SAINT, born at Vaugirard, near Paris, Sept. 22, 1817. Genre painter ; self taught ; studied Dutch painters in the Louvre, then painted subjects from the life of the working classes of Paris. Medals : 3d class, 1849 ; 2d class, 1851; L. of Honour, 1870. Works : Ave Maria, The Cook The Piano, Men Drinking (1849); Orphans' School (1850), Langres Museum ; Woman Knitting (1851); Charit…
VINCENT, FRANcOLS ANDREs born in Paris, Dec. 30, 1746, died there, Aug. 3, 1816. History painter, son of Fran9ois Elie Vincent (1708-90, miniature painter) ; pupil of Vien. Won the grand prix in 1768, and studied three years in Rome. Member of Academy in 1782, professor in 1792 ; chevalier of Legion of Honour, and professor in the Ecole polytechnique. Works : Belisarius asking Alms ; Alcibiades an…
WETIE, FRANS DE, Dutch school, 17th century. This master is exclusively known by his biblical subjects on a small scale, in the style of Rembrandt, which are remarkable for arrangement, and fine expression in the heads, but of somewhat brown tone. Works : Christ and the Adulteress, Augsburg Gallery ; The Three in the Fiery Furnace, Raising of Lazarus, Schleissheim Gallery. - Kugler (Crowe), ii. 39…
FLORIS, FRANS (Frans de Vriendt), born in Antwerp about 1517-18, died there, Oct. 1, 1570. Flemish school; history and portrait painter, son and pupil of Cornelis de V., a stone - cutter, then at Liege pupil of Lambert Lombard ; also studied in Italy under influence of Michelangelo. In 1540 admitted into the guild at Antwerp, where he opened a school, frequented by many scholars, among whom were …
FRANCKEN, FRANS, the younger, called Don Francisco, born in Antwerp, May 6, 1581, died there, May 6, 1642. Flemish school ; history, landscape, and interior painter, son and pupil of Frans Fran ck en, the elder ; went at an early age to Italy, and studied after the old masters in Venice, where he is said to have acquired his surname. Master of the guild at Antwerp in 1605, dean in 1615. Painted t…
POURBUS, FRANS, the elder, born in Bruges in 1545, died in Antwerp, Sept. 19, 1581. Flemish school ; history and portrait painter, son and pupil of Peeter, the younger ; studied afterwards under Frans Fiona ; master of the guilds in Antwerp and Bruges in 1569. Works : Triptych with Christ in the Temple (1571), Ghent Cathedral ; Christ on the Cross, Prophet Isaiah predicting to Hezekiah his Recover…
MIERIS, FRANS VAN, tho elder, born in Leyden, April 16, 1635, died there, March 12, 1681. Dutch school ; genre painter, son of Jan van Mieris, goldsmith; pupil of Abraham Torenvliet, then of Gerard Don, who called him the prince of his scholars, and of Adriaen van den Tempel. His preference for subjects from the life of the upper classes shows the influence of Metsu ; and a certain humour in some…
CHARLET, FRANZ, born at Brussels ; contemporary.
EYBL, FRANZ, born in Vienna, April 1, 1806, died there April 29, 1880. Portrait and genre painter, pupil of the Vienna Academy; member in 1843. Works: Smithy at Gosau (1835) ; Strawberry Seller, Return of Husbandman (1844) ; Dressing the Bride (1845) ; Old Woman asleep in Arm Chair ; Old Woman leaving Church ; Old Woman Praying (1846) ; Austrian Peasant Woman (1847), Old Beggar (1856), Vienna Muse…
ITTENBACH, FRANZ, born at Konigswinter, near Cologne, April 18, 1813, died in Dusseldorf, Dec. 1, 1879. History and portrait painter, pupil of the Dusseldorf Academy under Theodor Hildebrandt and Schadow ; with the latter and Karl Muller he visited Italy in 1839-41, and resided for a time in Munich before returning to Dusseldorf. For several years he was occupied with fresco paintings in St. Apoll…
LENBACH, FRANZ, born at Sebroben hausen, Bavaria, Dec. 13, 18 3 6. Portrait painter of rare excellence, pupil of Munich Academy and of Griifle, then of Piloty, whom in 1858 he accompanied to Rome ; painted at first genre scenes, and on his return to Munich exhibited his Forum Romauum, which attracted attention. In 1860 he became professor at the Weimar Art-School, but resigned in 1862 and went to…
CATEL, FRANZ LUDWIG, born in Berlin, Feb. 22, 1778, died in Rome, Dec. 19, 1856. German school ; landscape painter. Beginning as wood-carver and illustrator of books, he practised water-colour, and in 1806 painted the assassination of Nicholas von Bernau, for which ho was elected member of the Berlin Academy. Went to Paris in 1807, where he commenced oil painting, to Switzerland in 1811, where he …
DEFREGGER, FRANZ VON, born at Stronach, Tyrol, April 30, 1835. Genre painter, pupil at the Munich Academy under Anschlitz, then studied for eighteen months in Paris, spent two years in the Tyrol, and in 1867 entered Piloty's school at Munich, where he has resided since 1871. Medal, Paris, 3d Class, 1878. Honorary member of the Munich, Vienna, and Berlin Academies ; ennobled in 1883. Works : Fores…
CHURCH, FREDERIC EDWIN, born at Hartford, Conn., May 4, 1826. Landscape painter ; pupil of Thomas Cole at Catskill, N. Y., where his first pictures were painted. Elected N.A. in 1849. Made sketching tours in South America in 1853 and 1857 ; later, on coast of Labrador and in Jamaica, and in 1868 visited Europe and the Holy Land. Medal, 2d class, Paris, 1867. Studios in New York and in Hudson. Vis…
GOODALL, FREDERICK, born in Lon don, Sept. 17, 1822. Genre painter in oil and water-colour, son and pupil of Edward Goodall, engraver; won silver medal of Society of Arts for his first oil picture, Finding of Dead Body of a Miner by Torchlight; first work exhibited at Royal Academy, French Soldiers playing Cards (1839); elected an A.R.A in 1852, and R.A. in 1863. Has sketched in Ireland, France, …
PICK_ERSGILL, FREDERICK RICHARD, born in London in 1820. History painter ; nephew of H. W. Pickersgill ; pupil of his mother's brother, W. F. Witherington, and student in 1840 of Royal Academy, where he exhibited in 1841, Combat between Hercules and Achelous, and Arnoret delivered by Britomart. Won in 1843 a prize of ?100 for cartoon of Death of King Lear, exhibited at Westminster Hall, and in 184…
MOUCHERON, FREDERIK DE, born at Embden in 1633 or 1634, died in Amsterdam, buried Jan. 5, 1686. Dutch school ; landscape painter, pupil at Amsterdam of Jan Asselyn, whom he left in 1655 to go to Paris ; settled at Antwerp and then in Amsterdam before 1659. He painted Italian scenery without ever having seen Italy, and Dutch views in a cold and heavy tone. Helmbreker and, at a later time, Adriaan v…
GAUERMANN, FRIEDRICH, born at Miesenbach, Nether Austria, Sept. 20, 1807, died in Vienna, July 7, 1862. Animal painter, son and pupil of Jakob G., but formed himself chiefly by copying old masters in the Vienna galleries and studying nature during his travels in 1825-44. Member of Munich Academy in 1836. He left 1,034 oil-paintings, 569 drawings, and 15 unfinished pictures. Works : Resting from La…
FUGER, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH, born in Heilbronn, Wtirtemberg, Dec. 8, 1751, died in Vienna, Nov. 5, 1818. German school ; history and portrait painter, pupil in Stuttgart of Guibal and in Leipsic of Oeser. In 1774 he went to Vienna and in 1776 to Rome, where he studied the Carracci and Domenichino, as well as Raphael Mengs and Battoni. In 1782 he was patronized by Count Lam-berg, the Austrian ambassa…
KAISER, FRIEDRICH, born at LOrrach, Baden, Jan. 21, 1815. History and battle painter, was first a lithographer ; went to Paris, where Horace Vernet's battle-pieces inspired him to take up the same line of art ; studied several years in Munich, in 1848 went to Carlsruhe, and in 1850 settled in Berlin. Painted also biblical scenes of elevated composition and fine colouring. Works : Storming of Corft…
KAULBACH, FRIEDRICH, born at Arolsen, Waldeck, July 8, 1822. Portrait painter, nephew and pupil in Munich of Wilhelm Kaulbach in 183945, after which he visited Italy ; returned to Munich, and after some years went as court-painter to Hanover. Especially excels in female portraits. Member of Berlin Academy. Gold medal in Ber- lin (1872) ; medal in Vienna (1873) ; Munich, 2d class, 1883. Works : Ab…
LOOS, FRIEDRICH, born in Gratz, Styria, Oct. 29, 1797. Landscape painter, pupil of the Vienna Academy ; afterwards travelled in the Alps (1821), in Hungary (1823-26), Salzburg (1826-29), Istria (1840); visited Rome in 1846, Naples in 1847. In 1851 finished a panorama of ancient and modern Rome in 17 pictures, equally poetic in conception and truthful. He then went via Berlin to Bremen, Oldenburg, …
VOLTZ, FRIEDRICH, born at Nordling en, Oct. 31, 1817, died in Munich, June 25, 1886. Animal and idyl painter, son and pupil of the history and genre painter Johann Michael Voltz (1784 -1858) ; then studied at the Munich Academy and from nature in the Bavarian Alps ; visited Italy in 1843-45 and in 1872, and the Netherlands in 1846, afterwards Paris, Vienna, and Berlin. Professor at Munich Academy,…
ZIMMERMANN, FRIEDRICH, born at Diessenhofen, Switzerland, in 1823, died in Geneva in 1884. Landscape painter, pupil of Calame in 1852-56. Works : Arolla Glacier in Canton Wallis, White Rock at the Prado near Marseilles, View near Geneva, Berne Museum ; Ancasca Valley on Monte Rosa, Langres Museum ; On the Engstlen Alp, Turin Gallery ; Interior of Oakwood, Duchess of Genoa ; View in Berner Ober. la…
WERNER, FRITZ, born in Berlin, Dec. ouring he successfully imitated the style of Menzel, whose most talented pupil he is. Member of, and Professor at, Berlin Academy. Medal, Berlin, 1878. Works : Surprised Chambermaid (1863); Huntsman arranging his Traps, Old Gentleman served with Coffee (1864) ; Ornithologist, Prussian Grenadier on Guard, Admonition, Picture Amateur (1866) ; Fishmonger in Antwer…
FUGITIVES, Leon Glaize ; private gallery. People are escaping from Athens during a siege by being let down from the walls at night by means of ropes. Several groups are represented suspended in midair, with a shadowy abyss below, and the city walls, lighted by the moon-beams, behind them. Salon, 1877. ing Inhabitants of Jerusalem (1844), Mary's Walk over the Mountains (1841), Vienna Museum ; Trium…
DOYEN, GABRIEL FRAN9OIS, born in Paris in 1726, died in St.
METSU, GABRIEL, born in Leyden in 1630, died in Amsterdam, buried Oct. 24, Admiral Tromp, Louvre ; Amateur Musicians, Allegory of Justice, Portrait of a Huntsman (1661), Hague Museum ; Breakfast, The Old Drinker, Old Woman Meditating, Hunter's Gift, Amsterdam Museum ; Portrait of a Priest, Rotterdam Museum ; Luncheon, Museum, Brussels ; Billet-doux, Aremberg Gallery, ib.; Family of Gelfing, Kitche…
GADDI, GADDO, born in 1239, died in 1312. Florentine school. An intimate friend of Cimabue, whom he survived twelve years. He laid the foundation of a fortune which raised his family to the highest social distinction. According to Vasari, he executed mosaics in the Baptistery, and in S. Maria del Fiore, Florence. In 1308 he was invited by Clement V. to Rome, and certain mosaics in S. Maria Maggior…
FERRARI, GAUDENZIO, born at Valduggia in 1481, died in Milan in 1546 or 1647. Lombard-Milanese school. Called by Vasari Gaudenzio Milanese ; asserted pupil of Stefano Scotto, Girolamo Glove-none, and Perugino, whose influence is unmistakable in Gaudenzio's fine altarpiece (1514-15) in S. Gaudenzio, Novara. Affected also by Raphael, whose fellow-student he had been, and by Leonardo da Vinci, his la…
FLATZ, GEBHARD, born at Wolffurt, Vorarlberg, June 11, 1800. History painter, pupil of Vienna Academy ; then studied at Munich, and went to Rome, where, excepting a short stay at Innsbruck, he has since lived, forming himself after the works of Fra Angelico and Raphael, allied in close friendship with Overbeck, and, like him, among the foremost modern painters of religious subjects. Most of his wo…
GELICA, born at Coire, Switzerland, Oct. 30, 1741, died in Rome, Nov. 5, 18 0 7. History and portrait painter, daughter and pupil of Joseph Kauffmann, an infe rior portrait painter, who was, at that time, employed by the Prince-Bishop of Coire. From 1742 until 1757 the family lived in North Italy, at Morbegno until 1752, at Como until 1754, where Angelica, at the age of eleven, attracted general a…
BELLINI, GENTILE, born probably at Padua in 1426-7, died in Venice, Feb. 23, 1507. Venetian school ; eldest son and pupil of Jacopo Bellini, in whose studio he and his brother Giovanni laboured until Jacopo's death. Gentile probably settled in Venice about 1460, but no picture of his is known earlier than 1464, when he painted the doors of the great organ of San Marco. In 1465 be finished the apot…
FABRIANO, GENTILE DA, born at Fabriano in 1370 (?), died in Rome in 1450 (?). Umbrian school. Real name Gentile di Niccola di Giovanni Masai. Pupil probably of Allegretto Nuzi, who died when Gentile was fifteen years old ; has been called both master and pupil of Fra Angelico, but rather on account of a certain superficial resemblance between them than from any real affinity. He left Fabriano some…
GENTILFSCHI, ORAZIO, born in Pisa, July 9, 1562, died in London in 1647. Florentine school. Real name Lomi, brother and pupil of Aurelio Lomi, but took name of Gentileschi from an uncle. Having mastered the elements of his art under his brother Aurelio and his uncle Baccio, he went to Rome, where he formed his style by study of the great masters, and was employed upon important works for Clement …
BLEIBTREU, GEORG, born at Xanten, March 27, 1828. Battle painter ; pupil of Dusseldorf Academy in 1843-48, and again, shortly after, under Theodore Hildebrandt ; first won success with scenes from the Danish war. Later painted battles from the wars of Frederick the Great and the German war of deliverance. In 1858 he moved to Berlin, accompanied in 1866 the Prussian army in the suite of Prince Fred…
CATTERMOLE, GEORGE, born at Dickleburgh, near Dies, England, Aug. 8, 1800, died at Clapham Common, July 24, 1868. History painter, water-colours ; studied architecture and became early a book illustrator, in which he exhibited much archaeological and architectural skill. About 1830 he began to paint in water-colours, became a member of the Society of Painters in Water Colours, and contributed to t…
STANFIELD, GEORGE CLARKSON, born in London, May 1, 1828, died at Hampstead, March 22, 1878. Landscape and marine painter, son and pupil of William Clarkson Stanfield, and student of the Royal Academy, to the exhibitions of which he was a contributor from 1844 to 1876. He painted principally Continental landscapes and views of towns. Works : Church of St. Michael - Ghent (1860); Saarburg Castle (18…
HERING, GEORGE EDWARDS, born in London in 1806, died there, Dec. 18, 1879. Landscape painter, studied in Munich (1829) and in Italy, settled in London (1841), and exhibited often at Royal Academy. Works : Morning on Lake Lugano (1860) ; Amalfi (1865) ; Head of the Glen (1868); Old Red Sandstone Cliffs (1869) ; Sunset after a Storm (1872) ; Outskirts of a Wood (1873) ; Kildonan (1875) ; Woodland Wa…
WATTS, GEORGE FREDERICK, born in London in 1818. Subject and portrait painter, pupil of Royal Academy, where he exhibited in 1837; first attracted notice in 1842 by his cartoon, Caractacus led in Triumph through the Streets of Rome, for which he was awarded a prize of ?300 in the competition for the decoration of the Houses of Parliament. After studying some time in Florence, he won a prize, in 1…
ROMNEY, GEORGE. born at Dalton-le Furness, Lancashire, England, Dec. 15, 1734, died at Kendal, No v. 15, 1802. After acquiring a little knowledge of painting from Steele, a painter at Kendal, he supported himself by painting portraits in the north of England, at two guineas a head, until 1762, when he went to London. In that year, and in 1765, he gained premiums from the Society of Arts for his …
ROUGET, GEORGES, born in Paris, May 2, 1784, died there, April 9, 1869. History and portrait painter, pupil and imitator of David. Won 2d prize for painting in 1802. He often assisted David in the execution of his works, and painted a copy of the Coronation of Napoleon, signed by David, which was exhibited in America. Medals : 2d class, 1814 ; 1st class, 1855 ; L. of Honour, 1822. Works : French P…
GEORGES-SAUVAGE, A U G - USTE ALBERT, born at Caen (Calvados) ; contemporary. Genre and portrait painter, pupil of Gerome and Lecomte du Nouy. Medal, 3d class, 1879. Works : Greek Courtesan (1874) ; Lyrical IMbut (1875); Beheading of St. John (1876) ; Gaul Sentinels (1877) ; Cradle of a Spartan (1878) ; St. Jerome in the Desert (1880) ; Death of Gauchi, Bishop of Laon (1882) ; Fishermen at the Inn…
WASHINGTON, GEORGE, portrait, Charles Wilson Peale, Gen. G. W. C. Lee, Lexington, Va. Three-quarters length, in uniform of a colonel of Virginia militia - blue coat with scarlet facings, scarlet waistcoat and breeches, and purple scarf over left shoulder. Painted in 1772 ; the first life-size portrait of Washington. Bust study, Charles S. Ogden, Philadelphia. - Johnston, Portraits of Washington (B…
PENCZ, GEORG, born at Nuremberg about 1500, died there in Oct., 1550. German school; history and portrait painter, pupil or follower of Darer. Admitted into the guild in 1523, he was banished for unbelief in 1524, with Hans and Sebald Beham ; but he appears to have been allowed to settle in the neighbourhood soon afterwards, andobabl returned to Nuremberg in 1532. After his return from Rome, whic…
RUGENDAS, GEORG PHILIPP, born in Augsburg, Nov. 27, 16 6 6, died there, May 19, 1742. German school ; battle and military genre painter, pupil of Isaac (or Jacob) Fischer, took Bourguignon, Lembke, and Tempests, for his models, and studied the various events of a soldier's profession, as at the siege of Augsburg, where he often exposed himself to the greatest danger ; ranks among the most famous …
LAIRESSE, GERARD DE, the elder, born at Liege in 1640, buried at Amsterdam, July 28, 1711. Dutch school ; history and allegory painter, pupil of his father, Renier de Lairesse, and of Bartholet Flemael, but formed himself chiefly after Nicolas Poussin, whence sometimes called the Dutch Poussin. Emigrated early to Holland, and lived successively at Bois-le-Duc, Utrecht, The Hague (where mentioned …
HONTHORST, GERARD VAN, born at Utrecht, Nov. 4, 1590, died there, April 27, . 1656. Dutch school ; history, genre, and portrait painter, pupil of Abraham Bloc-mart, but spent several years in Rome, where he studied the pictures of Caravaggio, and found a patron in the Marchese Giustiniani. As he painted many night scenes turn he worked (1619-20) at the court of King Frederic in Prague, later for C…
CAVEDONE, GIACOMO, born at Sassuolo in April, 1577, died in Bologna in 1660. Bolognese school ; son of a poor apothecary, became page to an art amateur, who placed him in the school of the Carracci, and afterward in that of Passarotti. Studied in Venice the works of Titian, and acquired a style of colouring in advance of most of his school. Painted in Bologna, for churches, works considered almost…
PACCHIAROTTI, GIACOMO DI BARTOLOMMEO, born at Siena in 1474, died at Viteccio about 1540. Sienese school ; this artist figured largely in the civic convulsions of Siena in the 16th century, being now imprisoned for treason, and now outlawed, though he was finally restored to civil rights, and died peacefully in his bed. All that remains of his art work are an Ascension and a Visitation, in the Sie…
PALMA, GIACOMO, called Palma Vecchio (the elder), born at Serinalta (?), near Bergamo, about 1480, died in Venice, Aug. 8, 1528. Venetian school ; called Il Vecchio (the elder) to distinguish him from his nephew Giacomo. He learned the elements from Venetian masters, was an original rather than an imitator, and shared with Giorgione and Titian the honour of advancing Venetian art to its highest le…
GIFVOR.D, SANDFORD ROBINSON, born at Greenfield, N. Y., July 10, 1823, died in New York, Aug. 29, 1880. Landscape painter, graduate of Brown University in 1842 ; in 1844 went to New York, and became pupil of J. R Smith and of the National Academy. Elected an A.N.A. in 1851, and N.A. in 1854. In 1855-57 studied in Paris and Rome, and sketched in different parts of Europe ; in 1868-69 sketched in It…
GILBERT, Sir JOHN, born at Blackheath, Kent, in 1817. History and portrait painter, self-taught, excepting a few lessons from George Lance ; began as an illustrator for newspapers and books ; exhibited first painting ; elected an associate of the Water Colour Society in 1852, a member in 1853, and president in 1872, when he was knighted; became also an A.R.A. in 1872, and RA. in 1876. Medal, Par …
NEWTON, GILBERT STUART, born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Sept. 2, 17 9 5, died at Chelsea, Eng., Aug. 5, 18 3 5. Son of a royalist officer driven from Boston when Washington occupied it ; on the death of his father his mother returned (1803) to Boston, where he had some instruction from his uncle, Gilbert Stuart. In 1817 he went to Italy and to Paris, where he met Charles Robert Leslie, and, returni…
HONDECOETER, GILLIS D', born at Antwerp, died at Amsterdam (?) after 1637. Flemish school ; landscape and bird painter, pupil at Utrecht of Roelant Savery, and at Amsterdam of David Vinckeboons ; a descendant of the Brabantine Marquises of Westerloo. At first painted portraits ; removed to Amsterdam, where he lived already in 1615, and contracted a second marriage in 1628. Works : Mountainous Land…
VASARI, GIORGIO, born at Arezzo, July 30, 1511, died in Florence, June 27, 1574. Florentine school ; pupil of his father, Antonio Vasari, and afterwards of Andrea del Sarto and of Michelangelo. Went to Rome with Cardinal Ippolito de' MediVASSILACCHI in Florence, Pisa (1529), Bologna (1539), Venice (1542), and Naples (1544). In Florence he was patronized by the Medici, for whom he executed many wor…
GIOTTIND, born (?), died after 1369. Florentine school Probably identical with Giotto di Maestro Stefano, whose name appears in the register of Florentine painters in 1368. Vasari calls him Tommaso di Stefano, and says he was born in 1324, thus confounding him with Maso di Banco (died after 1351), whom Ghiberti makes the pupil of Giotto, and who was admitted to the guild of Speziali in 1343, and t…
TIEPOLO, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, born in Venice, April 16, 1696, died in Madrid, Mar. 27, 1770. Venetian school; pupil of Gregorio Lazzarin i ; afterwards influenced by Giovanni Batt ista Piazzetta, and still more by Paolo Veronese, whose equal he was reputed to be, in the decadence of Venetian art, though he was very far from being so as a colourist. But he has been rightly called the last great deco…
TROTTI, GIOVANNI BATTISTA, Cavaliere, born in Cremona in 1555, died after 1607. Lombard school ; called It Malosso because when Agostino Carracci painted in competition with him, at Parma, he said that he had found a hard bone (mal osso) to crack. Favourite pupil of Bernardino Campi, whose niece he married and of whom he became the heir. Studied also Correggio and Bernardo Gatti, whose manner he e…
BELLINI, GIOVANNI, born in Padua, or Venice, about 1428, died there, Nov. 29, 1516. Venetian school; younger brother of Gentile Bellini, and with him pupil and assistant of his father, Jacopo, in Pad- . ua. While there he was brought into contact with Mantegna, his future brother-in-law, then a pupil of Squarcione, and adopted many of his peculiarities, combining them with those of his father. Th…
GIOVANNI DA URINE, born in Udine, Oct. 15, 1487, died in Rome in 1564. Umbrian school. Real name Giovanni de' Recamatori, son of Francesco de' Recamatori (of the Embroiderers). Pupil of Giorgione, but afterwards of Raphael, under whom he superintended the ornamental decorations in the Vatican Loggie, such as animals, birds, fruit, flowers, and grotesques. His arabesques have ever since been consi…
FERRETTI, GIOVANNI DOMENICO, called da Imola, born at Florence in 1692. Florentine school ; history painter, pupil of Giovanni Gioseffo del Sole; painted mostly for the churches and palaces of Florence, Pisa, Leghorn, Siena, Pistoja, and Imola. Among his best works are a Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew in S. Bartolommeo, Pisa, and the cupola painting in S. Filippo Neri, Pistoja. tory painter, pupil o…
DOSSI, GIOVANNI (Giovanni di Lutero, called Dosso Dossi), born at Dosso, near Ferrara, about 1749, died at Ferrara in 1542. Lombardo-Ferrarese school ; scholar of Lorenzo Costa ; became a favourite of Duke Alf onso L of Ferrara, for whom he painted a large picture, and an altarpiece, Cathedral of Ferrara, representing St. Bartholomew and St. John at Patmos (1527). Many of his works, in the Ducal…
ROMANELLI, GIOVANNI FRANCES-CO, born at Viterbo in 1610 or 1612, died there, July, 1662. Roman school ; pupil at Rome of Domenichino and of Pietro da Cortons ; won the favour of the Barberini family Presentation of the Virgin, for a mosaic in St. Peter's, a very successful work. Became Prince of Academy of St. Luke. Followed Cardinal Barberini to Paris in 1648 and painted frescos in the Maza rin …
LANFRANCO, GIOVANNI, Cavaliere, born in Parma in 1580 or 1581, died in Rome, Nov. 29, 1647. Roman school; pupil of Agostino Carracci, then at Ferrara; on his master's death (1601) he went to Rome and assisted Annibale Carracci, from whose designs he executed frescos in the Palazzo Farnese. Among his earliest original works are the Assumption, in a chapel of S. Agostino (which gave him reputation)…
GIRAUD, (PIERRE FRANcOIS) EUGENE, born in Paris, Aug. 9, 1806, died in Paris, Dec. 29, 1881. Genre painter, pupil of Theodore Richomme, of Hersent, and of the :cola des Beaux Arts, where he won the grand prix de Rome for engraving in 1826. After his return from Italy he travelled with Alexander Dumas in Spain, and later in Algeria and the Levant. Medals : 3d class, 1833; 2d class, 1863; L. of Hono…
GIRODET DE ROUSSY, ANNE LOUIS, called Girodet Trioson, born at Montargis (Loiret), Jan. 5, 1766, died in Paris, Dec. 9, 1824. French school ; history and portrait painter, pupil of Luquin and of David; won 2d prix de Rome in 1788, and grand prix in 1789. After five years in Rome he returned to Paris, won the ten-years prize for history (1810), and entered upon a successful career. He painted few p…
ALIBRANDI, GIROLAMO, of Messina, born about 1470, died in 1524 ; but De 31arzo thinks him the painter of an Epiphany in the church of Venetico, Sicily, dated 1532. Neapolitan school ; studied several years in Venice and afterward in Milan with Leonardo da Vinci. Returned to Sicily in 1514, and painted in Messina ; called sometimes the Raphael of Messina. Most important of his works is a Presentati…
BEDOLO, GIROLAMO. See Mazzola, Girolamo. BEF,CHEY, Sir 'WILLIAM, born at Burford, Oxfordshire, Dec. 12, 1753, died at Hampstead, Jan. 28, 1839. Admitted a student of the Royal Academy, London, in 1772, and after painting portraits and pictures in Hogarth's manner several years in Norwich returned to London, where he long enjoyed uninterrupted favour with the fashionable world. In 1793 he painted a…
GIROLAMO DA CARPI, born at Ferrara about 1501, died about 1561. LombardoFerrarese schooL Real name de' Sellari or de' Livizzani, but called da Carpi because his father, Tommaso, was born there. Pupil of Benvenuto Garofalo ; afterwards painted at Bologna, and later studied works of Correggio and Parmigianino in Modena and Parma. Though he imitated them, he was not a servile copyist, but had a style…
GIROLAMO DAI LIBRI, born in Verona in 1474, died July 22, 1555. Venetian schooL Son of Francesco dai Libri, a miniaturist (or illuminator of books, whence he got his name), of whom no vestige has been preserved, and grandson of Stefano da Zevio. His first picture, Christ deposed from the Cross, in the Church of Malsesine, painted when sixteen years old, is an illustration of his education in the s…
PACCHIA, GIROLAMO DEL, born at Siena, Jan. 4, 1477, died after 1535. Sienese school ; son of a Hungarian cannon founder, Giovanni, called Del Bombarde from his occupation, who died in 1478. Girolamo, who was educated by his mother as an artist, was in Rome in 1500, and in Siena in 1515. In 1533 he was implicated with Pacchiarotti in political troubles, and two years afterwards left the city. His e…
ROMANINO, GIROLAMO, born at Brescia about 1485, died there in 1566. Venetian school ; supposed pupil of Stefano Rizzi, or of Floriano Ferramola at Brescia, but probably studied also under one of the Friulian masters. Free of guild at Brescia before 1510, when he was a skilled artist in the manner of the Palmas and of Pellegrino. At this time he painted the Pietd, now in the collection of Sir Ivor …
PALIZZI, GITJSEPPE, born at Lanciano in the Abruzzi in 1812. Landscape and animal painter, brother of Filippo ; studied first at Cava, near Salerno ; exhibited some pictures at the Naples Academy ; in 1844 became pupil of Troyon in Paris, where he afterwards settled. Medal, Paris, 2d class, 1848 ; L. of Honour, 1859. Works : Stag-Hunt ; Return from Fair (1850) ; Spring (1852); Goats in the Vineyar…
BEZZUOLI, GIUSEPPE, born in Florence, in 1784, died there, Sept. 1855. History painter ; pupil at the Florence Academy under Piattoli, Petroni, and Desmarais ; obtained the gold medal in 1811, studied then in Rome after Raphael, Domenichino, and Guido, became adjunct professor at the Florence Academy in 1814, and professor in 1816. Works : Ajax defending the Body of Patroclus (1811) ; Francesca da…
PORTA, GIUSEPPE, born at Castelnuovo di Garfagnana about 1520, died in Venice about 1575. Venetian school ; pupil in Rome of Francesco Salviati, from whom he acquired name of younger Salviati. Followed his master to Florence, Bologna, and finally Venice, where he remained after Salviati's return to Rome. Falling under the influence of Titian he abandoned the Roman style, became the intimate friend…
GODDESS OF DISCORD, Joseph M. W. Turner, National Gallery, London ; canvas, H. 4 ft. 11 in. x 7 ft. The Goddess of Discord choosing the apple of contention in the Garden of the Hesperides. The three daughters of Hesperus, 2Egle, Hespere, and ErytheIs, dwelt in the garden, where they had charge of the tree of the golden apples, the gift of Earth to Juno on her wedding-day. The Hesperides and the ga…
GUFFENS, GODFROID, born at Hasselt, Limburg, July 23, 1823. History painter, pupil of Antwerp Academy under Nicaise de Keyser, then with his fellow-student Jan Swerts visited Paris in 1847, the art centres of Germany in 1850, and Italy in 1850-52. After their return they worked conjointly until 1874, when Swerts became director of the Prague Academy. In 1858 they were sent by the government to Mun…
GOLTZIUS. HENDRIK, born at Muhl brecht, Duchy of Mich, in Feb., 1558, died in Haarlem, Dec. 29, 1616, or Jan. 1, 1617. Dutch school ; history, portrait, and landscape painter, although his great reputation rest s upon his skill as an engraver, which was exceptional He did not begin to paint until he was forty-two years old. Unhappily married to a rich widow much older than himself, he lost his he…
SAMARITAN, GOOD (Luke. x. 30), Eugene Delacroix, M. Auguste Vacquerie ; canvas, H. 1 ft. 2 in. x 11 in. The good Samaritan striving, with much care and solicitude, to put the wounded traveller upon his horse. - Chesneau, Euvre Delacroix, 311. By Rembrandt, Louvre ; canvas, H. 3 ft. 9 in. x 4 ft. 6 in. ; signed, dated 1648. Two men assisting into an inn a wounded traveller, whose horse a stable-man…
FLOCK, GOVAERT, born at Cleves, Jan. 25, 1615, died in Amsterdam, Feb.2, 1660. Dutch school ; history and portrait painter, pupil of Lambert Jacobzen at Leeuwarden, then of Rembrandt, under whom his talent developed so rapidly that after one year his pictures could scarcely be distinguished from those of the master. He left Rembrandt in 1638, and took the freedom of Amsterdam in 1652. After Eeckh…
GOYA Y LUCIENTES, FRANCISCO JOSg DE, born at Fuendetodos, Aragon, March 30, 1746, died at Bordeaux, April 15, 1828. Spanish school; history, genre, and portrait painter, pupil for five years of Lujan Martinez at Sara gossa ; spent several years in Rome, painting little, but making a careful study of the great pictures there. In 1772 he took the second prize at the Academy of Parma, and three year…
LAZZARINI, GREGORIO, born at Villanuova in 1657, died in Venice in 1735 (?). Venetian school ; history painter, pupil of Francesco Rosa, of Genoa, whose sombre style he not only abandoned, but altogether banished from the Venetian school, of which, for accuracy of design and taste in composition, he must be pronounced the leader during that period. Works : Hercules and Omphale, Astronomy, Cassel G…
GRIM O U (Grimoux, or Grimoud), ALEXTS (Jean ?), born at Romont, Switzerland, about 1680, died in Paris about 1740. French school. Trained himself by copying works of Van Dyck and Rembrandt ; painted mostly female half figures, repre-sented as singing or playing, or as pilgrim& Received into the Academy in 1705, but struck off the list in 1709 on account of his habitual drunkenness and disorderly …
GUIDO (Guido Reni), born in Bologna, Nov. 4, 1575, died there, Aug. 18, 1 6 42. Bolognese school. Son of Daniele Reni, a musician ; pupil of Denis Calvart, afterward of the Carracci. For a time he was the favourite pu pil of Lodovico, but he soon aroused so much jealousy that he was dismissed from the academy. After painting several years in Bologna, where his pictures excited much admiration, he…
GUIDO DA SIENA, Sienese school, 1st-ter half of 13th century. The Madonna in S. Domenico, Siena, falsely dated 1221, was painted probably in 1281 ; and Guido is probably identical with Guido Graziani, who appears in documents of 1278. The inscription has been often retouched, and the heads of the Virgin and Child have evidently been entirely repainted. This is important, as upon it rests the quest…
TRUMBULL, GURDON, born at Stonington, Conn., in 1841. Landscape painter, pupil of F. S. Jewett in Hartford, and of James Hart in New York. He is noted for his paintings of fish. Studio in Hartford. Works : Plunge for Life, Over the Falls (1874) ; Critical Moment (1876) ; Moorish Watch-Tower on the Coast of Spain. torical works illustrating the War of the Revolution. It was followed by the Death of…
BRION, GUSTAVE, born at Rothau, Al sace, Oct. 24, 1824, died in Paris, Nov. 4, 1877. Genre painter, pupil of Gabriel Guerin in Strasburg. Painted Alsatian life with much success. Medals : 2d class, 1853-59-61-67; 1st class, 1863 ; medal of honour, 1868 ; L. of Honour, 1863 ; Order of Leopold of Belgium. Works: Alsatian Interior (1847); Tow-Path (1852); Wood Cutters of the Black Forest, Potato Cro…
COURBET, GUSTAVE, born at Ornans, (Doubs), June 10, 1819, died at Tour de Peil, near Vevay, Jan. 1, 1878. Genre, landscape, and portrait painter. Sent to school at Besancon and then to study law at Paris in 1839. Attended several studios, but chiefly that of David d'Angers. Began at an early age to paint caricatures, especially of priests; but did not treat landscape until 1841 at COURDOUAN Fontai…
JONGHE, GUSTAVE DE, born at Courtray, Feb. 4, 1828. Genre painter, son of Jan Baptist, pupil in Brussels of Navez. Has successively painted portraits and sacred history, historical genre, and family scenes. Gold medals in Amsterdam (1862) and Paris (1863). Works : Notre Dame de Bon Secours (1854) ; Orphans and their Grandmother (1862) ; Piety (1864) ; Convalescent (1869) ; Birthday Congratulations…
DORE, GUSTAVE PAUL, born in Stras burg, Jan. 6, 1833, died in Paris, Jan. 27, 1883. History painter and designer ; original name Dorer, changed by him to French form. Went to Paris when fifteen years old and began by contributing sketches to illustrated periodicals. Exhibited in Salon in 1848 pen-andink landscape drawings, and in 1855 his first oil picture, Battle of the Alma, which was followed …
GRAEF, GUSTAV, born at Konigsberg, Dec. 14, 1821. History and portrait painter, pupil of Dusseldorf Academy under Th. Hildebrandt and W. Schadow ; was in Italy in 1846-50, acquired a simpler and grander style, and settled in Berlin in 1852 ; visited Munich and Paris in 1853, Vienna and North Italy in 1872, London and Scotland in 1873, and Italy in 1874-75. Since 1862 has devoted himself more espec…
JAGER, GUSTAV, born in Leipsic, July 12, 1808, died there, April 19, 1871. History painter, studied at first in Leipsic and at the Dresden Academy, and from 1830 in Munich under Julius Schnorr, whom, after visiting Rome in 1836-37, he assisted in painting frescos in the new palace. In 1846-48 he decorated the Herder room at the castle in Weimar with frescos, and in 1850 painted one of the frescos …
SPANGENBERG, GUSTAV (ADOLF), born in Hamburg, Feb. 1, 1828. History and genre painter, pupil in Hamburg of Hermann Kauffmann, in Hanau of Pellissier, then of Antwerp Academy (1848-50), and in Paris (185157) of Couture and the sculptor Triqueti ; copied in the Louvre, visited England and Holland, and in 1857-58 Italy, and settled in Berlin. Professor ; member of Berlin, Vienna, and Hanau Academies…
SUS, GUSTAV, born at Rumbeck near Rinteln on the Weser, June 10, 1823, died in Dusseldorf, Dec. 24, 1881. Genre and animal painter, pupil of Dusseldorf Academy under Karl Sohn in 1850-51. Was also an illustrator and writer. Works : First Thought ; Two Mothers ; Duck Persecution ; Cock Fight ; Domestic Joy and Sorrow ; Evening Song (Chickens and Pigeons), Provinzial Museum, Hanover ; Three Philosop…
VERNANSAL, GUY LOUIS, born at Fontainebleau, July 12, 1648, died in Paris, April 9, 1729. French school ; history painter, pupil of Le Brun ; received into the Academy in 1687, adjunct professor in 1695, professor in 1704; travelled for several years, painted in 1716 at Bonn for the Elector of Cologne, then in Italy, chiefly at Padua, where several of his works may still be seen. Works : Renovatio…
VASTAGH, GYORGY (George), born at Szegedin, Hungary, in 1834. Genre and portrait painter, pupil of Vienna Academy, after having fought as a honve'd in the revolutionary war of 1848-49, and then wandered about under great privations, painting portraits and studying national costumes and manners. His pictures, exhibited in Vienna in 1870, immediately attracted attention, and forthwith he won fame wi…
HA1TDEBOURT-LESCOT, Mine. HORTENSE VICTOIRE, born in Paris, Dec. 14, 1784, died there, Jan. 2, 1845. Genre painter and lithographer, pupil of Lethiere. Her pictures for the most part represent popular life and manners in Italy. Works : Preaching in Church of St. Laurent in Rome (1810); Game of Warm Hand, Beggar at a Convent (1812) ; Kissing the Foot of the Statue of St. Peter (1812); do. (1814), M…
HAMLET WITH YORICK'S SKULL, Sir Thomas Lawrence, National Portrait Gallery, London ; canvas, H. 10 ft. x 6 ft. 6 in. Portrait of John Philip Kemble, as Hamlet, apostrophizing the skull of Yorick, the king's jester, which he holds in his hand. Painted in 1801 ; presented in 1836 by King William IV. Transferred from National Gallery in 1884. Engraved by S. W. Reynolds and others. Sketch sold at Sir …
HANN, born in Gottingen in 1786 and 1788, died in Rome, Franz, Jan. 3, 1831, Johann, Sept 17, 1860. History painters, sons of and first instructed by the engraver Ernst Riepenhausen, then studied under W. Tischbein in Gottingen and in Cassel (1804), and after Hartmann's drawings from Pre-Raphaelite masters in Dresden (1805), where they embraced Catholicism ; returned to Gottingen, and went in 180…
HANN CHRISTIAN ERNST), the elder, born in Eisenach, April 25, 1804, died in Weimar, April 23, 1878. Landscape painter, pupil of Weimar Art-School under Kunschtmeyer, studied in Dresden in 1820, returned following year to Weimar, where he entered into friendly relations with Goethe, and spent the next two summers again in Dresden, studying after Ruysdael and Potter, then in 1823-25 under Van Bree …
CANON, HANS (Johann von Straschi ripka), born in Vienna, March 13, 1829, died there, Sept 12, 1885. Genre, history and portrait painter; pupil of Waldmaller, then in 184855 cavalry officer in the Austrian army ; after that devoted himself entirely to art ; greatly influenced by Bahl. Travelled extensively in the East, France, and England, lived in 1860-69 in Carlaruhe, then in Stuttgart, and fina…
GUDE, HANS FREDRIS, born in euristiania, March 13, 1825. Landscape and marine painter, pupil of Andreas Achenbach, and of Dusseldorf Academy under Schirmer ; visited Norway in 1843-46, lived in Christiania in 1848-50, became professor at the Dusseldorf Academy in 1854 ; went to England in 1862, and to Carlsruhe in 1864 as professor at the art-school. Since 1880, professor at Berlin Academy. Member…
HOFMANN, HEINRICH, born in Darmstadt, March 19, 1824. History and portrait painter, pupil of Dusseldorf Academy under Theodor Hildebrandt and Schadow, then of Antwerp Academy (1845); visited Holland and Paris, and returned to his native city, where he painted portraits ; was in Munich in 1847, in Darmstadt and Frankfort in 1848-51, and in Dresden in 1851-53. Went in 1854 to Italy, where he spent f…
MUCKE, HEINRICH, born in Breslau, April 9, 1806. History painter, pupil of Berlin and Dusseldorf Academies under Schadow ; visited Italy in 1833-34, England in 1850, and Switzerland repeatedly. Professor at Dusseldorf Academy since 1848. Medal, Besancon ; Portuguese medal for Art and Science. Works : St. Catharine carried by Angels to Mt. Sinai (1836), St. Elizabeth giving Alms (1841), National Ga…
ANGELI, HEINRICH VON, born in Oedenburg, Hungary, Feb. 8, 1840. History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil in 1854 of the Vienna Academy, then of Gustav Muller, and with Leutze went to Dusseldorf in 1856. In 1859-62 he was in Munich, and in 1862 settled in Vienna, where he soon became the favourite portrait painter of the aristocracy. His portraits are distinguished for truth, an air of high bree…
MAYR, HEINRICH VON, born at Nuremberg, Feb. 22, 1806, died April 5, 1871. Genre, battle, and horse painter, pupil of his stepfather Friedrich Christian Fries (1772-1836), and of the Nuremberg Art-School under Reindel ; went in 1825 to Munich, where he studied in the royal stable and the veterinary school, and enjoyed the patronage and friendship of Duke Maximilian, whom he accompanied on an orient…
RUSTIGE, HEINRICH VON, born at Werl, Westphalia, April 12, 1810. History, genre, and landscape painter, pupil of Dusseldorf Academy under Schadow ; went in 1836 to Frankfort, whence he made prolonged study trips to Vienna, Hungary, Dresden, Berlin, Belgium, France, and England, and in 1845 became professor at the art school in Stuttgart, and inspector of the royal galleries. Medal, London, 1874 ; …
HEMICYCLE, Paul Delaroche, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Paris ; encaustic painting, H. 15 ft. x about 50 ft. Scene - the portico of an Ionic temple ; in centre sits Apelles enthroned, with Ictinus on his right and Phidias on his left. Near them are five allegorical figures : in front, Fame, nude, kneeling, casting out wreaths from a heap at her side ; back of her, at left, seated, are Greek Art and Goth…
HEMISSEN (Hemishem, Hemsen), JAN VAN, born at Hemishem (Hemixem), near Antwerp, about 1500, died at Haarlem between 1555 and 1566. Flemish school. Real name Jan Sanders. History and portrait painter, pupil at Antwerp of Hendrik van Cleve in 1519, master of the guild before 1524, its dean in 1548 ; removed to Haarlem in 1551. Although, in his time, the influence of the Italian school asserted itsel…
MEYER, HENDRICK DE, flourished at Rotterdam about 1645-1660, died before 1690. Dutch school ; landscape and marine painter. Works : Surrender of Hulst (1645) ; Departure of Charles II. from Scheveningen, Amsterdam Museum ; Strand of Scheveningen with many Figures, Kunsthalle, Hamburg ; River with many Boats, Amalienstift, Dessau ; Winter Landscape with Skaters (1669), Schloss, ib. - Zeitschr. f. b…
LEYS, HENDRIK, Baron, born in Ant werp, Feb. 18, 1815, died there, Aug. 25, 1869. History and genre painter, pupil of his brother-in-law, F. de Braekeleer, and of Antwerp Academy under Wappers ; at first adhered to the style of the former, but afterwards imitated the French romanticists and the old Flemish masters. In 1835 -39 he visited Paris and Holland ; in 1852, 1859, and 1863, Germany ; in 1…
STEENWYCK, HENDRIK VAN, the younger, born in Amsterdam (?) or in Frankfort about 1580, died in London, after 1649. Flemish school ; architecture painter, son ed architectural backgrounds for many of Van Dyck's pictures. Worked first at Antwerp ; after 1629 in England, when Charles L ordered several pictures from him. Works : Christ be fore the High Priest, Peter's Denial, Madrid Museum ; Jesus wi…
VERSCHURINGH, HENDRIK, born at Gorinchem in 1627, drowned near Dordrecht, April 26, 1690. Dutch school ; battle and genre painter, pupil of Dirk Govertsz and of Jan Both in Utrecht ; continued his studies in Italy, and after his return to Holland in 1662 frequented armies and camps, where he sketched from life and painted a number of skirmishes, camps, guard-houses, etc., with great truth and feli…
DECAISNE, HENRI, born in Brussels, Jan. 27, 1799, died in Paris, Oct. 17, 1852. History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil in Brussels of P. J. C. Francois and of David ; studied then in Paris under Girodet and Gros, obtained the great prize in 1827, and a medal in 1828 ; visited Holland in 1830, studying the old masters, and settled in Paris, where he won great reputation as an excellent portrai…
PHMTPPOTEAITX, HENRI EMMANUEL FELIX, born in Paris, April 3, 1815, died there, Nov. 8, 1884. History and battle painter, pupil of Leon Cogniet. Medals : 2d class, 1837 ; 1st class, 1820 ; L. of Honour, 1846. Works : Rock of Ice (1833) ; Retreat from Moscow (1835), Palais de Trianon ; Capture of Ypres (1837), Siege of Antwerp in 1792 (1838), Battle of Stockach (1839) ; Bayard on the Bridge of Garig…
SCHLESINGER, HENRI GITILLAITME, born in Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1814. Genre painter, pupil of the Vienna Academy, but went early to Paris, where he was naturalized and has since lived. Popular painter of light subjects. Medals : 3d class, 1840 ; 2d class, 1847 ; L. of Honour, 1866. Works : Seductions of Life, Walk to Church (1840) ; Spanish Guerillas, Margaret and the Tempter (1842) ; If Youth on…
HARPIGNIES, HENRI, born at Valenciennes, July 28, 1819. Landscape painter, pupil of Achard. Both in oil and water-colour this artist stands in the first rank of living French painters. His water-colours have the strength and breadth of the English schooL Has exhibited regularly since 1852. Medals : 1866, 1868, and 1869 ; 2d 1/46. fr-1. Craw-Fish (1857) ; The Return, A Storm (1859) ; Edge of the Wo…
HENRI IV., ENTRY OF, Francois Gerard, Versailles Museum ; canvas, H. 16 ft. 9 in. x 31 ft. 5 in.; signed. In centre, Luillier, provost of the merchants of Paris, advances at the head of a group of municipal officers to present the keys of the city to the king, near whom are, on left, Crillon, De Retz, Montmorency, and Brissac, and on right, Biron, Sully bearing the king's casque, and Belle-garde,…
EDRIDGE, HENRY, born at Paddington, Aug., 1769, died in London, April 23, 1821. Miniature, landscape, and architecture painter in water-colours; apprenticed, to W. Pether, engraver and landscape painter ; student at Royal Academy in 1784; elected an A.RA. in 1820. Was a successful painter of miniatures, among his sitters being the royal family, William Pitt, Lord Macartney, the Spencer family, Sou…
MOORE, HENRY, born in York, Eng land, in 1831. Landscape and m ari ne painter, brother of the preceding, pupil of his father, of the local school, and in 1853 of the Royal Academy, London, where his first work, Glen Clunie - Brae mar, was exhibited in White Calm, and Kittewakes on their Nests (1858); Lifeboat (1876); Highland Pastures (1878) ; Calming Down (1879) ; Beached Margent of the Sea (188…
PLUDDEMANN, HERMANN (FREIHOLD), born at Kolberg, July 17, 1809, died in Dresden, June 24, 1868. History painter, first instructed in Magdeburg by Sieg, then pupil in Berlin of Begas, and (1831-37) of Dusseldorf Academy under Schadow ; lived at Dusseldorf until 1848, when he removed to Dresden ; treated chiefly subjects from mediaeval history, saga and poetry in the spirit of the romanticists. Well…
WISLICENUS, HERMANN, born at Eisenach, Sept. 20, 1825. History painter, pupil of Dresden Academy under Bendemann and Schnorr ; went in 1863 to Rome, where he was allied with Cornelius and other prominent masters ; after his return in 1857 he lived ten years in Weimar, became professor at the Art School there in 1866, and at the Dusseldorf Academy in 1868. Works : Abundance and Poverty (sketch for…
SAFT-LEVEN, HERMAN, born in Rot terdam, 1609, died in Utrecht, Jan. 5, 1 6 8 5. Dutch school ; landscape painter, pupil of Jan van Goyen, but formed himself chiefly by studying nature. His views of the Rhine, Meuse, and Moselle, are well drawn, carefully executed, and enlivened with figures and animals. The pictures of his best period are distinguished by their clear perspectives and a soft bluis…
BLES, HERRI DE (Hendrik met de Blesse, Henricus Blesius), called also Civetta, born at Bouvignes, near Namur, about 1480, died probably at Liege, about 1550 (? after 1521). Flemish school ; landscape and history painter, in the manner of Joachim Patenier, representing one of the last branches of the Van Eyck school, and in other respects the transition to the Italianized Flemish style of the follo…
LAZERGES, HIPPOLYTE (JEAN RAYMOND), born at Narbonne (Rude), July 5, 1817. Genre painter, pupil of David d'Angers and Bouchot. Paints religious pictures and oriental scenes with care, but without much grasp of subject. Has executed works in Notre Dame de Bon Secours, near Rouen, and in the Nantes Theatre. Medals : 3d class, 1843 ; 2d class, 1848, 1857 ; Legion of Honour, 1867. Works : Descent from…
JOB, HISTORY OF, Francesco da Volterra, Campo Santo, Pisa. A series of six frescoes, painted in a double course at the west end of the south wall. 1. Job feasting with his friends. 2. Satan pleading before God for permission to torment Job. 3. Attack of the Sabeans and destruction of Job's house. 4. Unknown scene, now ob whose prevailing tone of colour is quiet. Medals : 3d class, 1851, 1857 ; L. …
PSYCHE, HISTORY OF, Raphael and pupils, Farnesina, Rome ; fresco, on ceiling of Loggie. Theme from Metamorphoses (Golden Ass) of Appuleius. The myth is represented in twelve pictures, ten on the pendentives of the arches and two (large compositions) on the fiat part of the ceiling. In the fourteen lunettes of the bays are Amorini or Cupids, with the attributes of the deities who have done homage t…
MAURER, HITBERT, born at Riittchon, near Bonn, June 10, 1738, died in Vienna, Dec. 10, 1818. History and portrait painter, pupil of Vienna Academy under Meytens, and of Norbert Baumgartner ; went in 1772 to Rome, where he remained four years, studying especially after Raphael, and then took Mengs for his model. After his return he executed important orders, which established his fame ; became prof…
HOET (Hoedt), GERARD, born at Born mel, Aug. 22, 1648, died at The Hague, Dec. 2, 1733. Dutch school ; history painter, son and pupil of the glass painter Moses Hoet, then pupil of Warnard van Rysen and of Poelenburg ; went to The Hague in 1672, travelled in Holland and France, and settled in Utrecht, where, with H. Schook, he founded a school of painting ; returned to The Hague when sixty, and th…
HOLY FAMILY - DEL DIVINO AMORE (of Divine Love), attributed to Raphael, but probably by Giulio Romano, Naples Museum ; wood, H. 1 ft. 11 in. x 1 ft. 7 in. The Virgin sitting with clasped bands ; Jesus on her lap, with right hand raised as if blessing St. John, who kneels, holding a cross ; behind is St. Elizabeth seated, and in the background Joseph. Painted about 1513 for Leonello Pio da Carpi ; …
HOOCH (Hooghe), PIETER DE, born in Rotterdam, baptized probably Dec. 12, 1632, died in Haarlem (?) in 1681. Dutch school genre painter, formed himself under the in fluence of Karel Fabritius and Rembrandt ; worked at Delft, where he entered the guild in 1655, perhaps also at Haarlem. One of the most original artists of the Dutch school; painted domestic scenes, especially in the HOOGSTRATEN our is…
HORSE FAIR (Marche aux Chevaux), A. T. Stewart Collection, New York ; canvas, H. 8 ft. x 15 ft. 7i in. A drove of horses, of various colours and sizes, some with riders, and some led by men, trotting to right ; in background, left, the dome of the Invalides in distance ; at right, an avenue of trees with spectators. A masterpiece ; cost eighteen months' labor. Salon, 1853 ; sold to Gambart & Co., …
ROBERT, HUBERT, called Robert des Ruines, born in Paris, May 22, 1733, died there, April 15, 1808. Landscape painter, pupil of Pannini ; spent twelve years at Rome. Member of Academy, 1766 ; and appointed custodian of the Louvre by the Directory. Works : Harbour of Ripetta near Rome (1766), Triumphal Arch at Orange (1767), Portico of Octavius (1785), Temple of Jupiter in Rome (1787), Maison Cameo …
HUBNER, (RUDOLF) JULIUS (BEN NO), born at Oels, Silesia, Jan. 27, 1806, died at Loschwitz, Nov. 7, 1882. History painter, pupil of Berlin Academy under Schadow, whom he followed to Dusseldorf in 1826 ; having returned to Berlin, he married Bendemann's sister in 1829, and going in the same year to Italy was in Rome with Schadow in 1830, in Berlin in 1831, and in Dusseldorf in 1833. In 1839 he follo…
HUGHTENBURGH (Huchtenburg), JAN VAN, born in Haarlem in 1646, died in Amsterdam in 1733. Dutch school ; battle painter, pupil of Thomas Wyck, in Rome of his brother Jacob, and in Paris (1667) of Van der Meulen. Before 1670 he returned to Haarlem and began to deal in pictures. The fame of his collection of battle-pieces, hunts, etc., led in 1708 to commissions from Prince Eugene, for whom he painte…
GOES, HUGO VAN DER, born in Ghent about 1430, died in the Rooden Cloister, near Brussels, in 1482. Flemish school ; history and portrait painter. In 1465 be was a member, and in 1473-75 dean, of the painters' guild at Ghent, where, in 1468, he assisted in preparing decorations for the marriage of Charles the Bold and Margaret of York. About 1475 he took refuge in the Rooden Cloister, of the August…
MERLE, HUGUES, born at St. Marcellin (Isere), March 1, 1823, died in Paris, March 26, 1881. Genre painter, pupil of L. Cogniet ; painted life-size pictures of subjects taken from the life of the poor, carefully drawn but cold in colour and often theatrical in treatment. Medals : 2d class, 1861, 1863 ; L. of Honour, 1866. Works : Will o' the Wisps (1848) ; Migration of Shepherds in the Alps (1850) …
FESELEN, IdELCHIOR, born at Passau, died in Ingolstadt, April 10, 1538. German school ; history painter, evidently influenced in his later pictures by Albrecht Altdorfer, his contemporary. Works : Crucifixion, Darmstadt Museum ; Porsenna besieging Rome (1529), Caesar besieging Alesia (1533), Old Pinakothek, Munich ; Adoration of the Magi (1531), Nuremberg Museum ; Mary of Egypt (1523), Historical …
UNTERBERGER, IGNAZ, born at Cavalese in 1748, died in Vienna, Dec. 4, 1797. German school ; history and genre painter, brother and, in Rome, pupil of Christoph Unterberger, having at first been instructed by his uncle Franz in his native place. In Rome he was benefited by intercourse with Mengs, Battoni, Maron, and others, but was especially influenced by the works of Correggio, whose style he imi…
CANALETTO, IL, born in Venice, Oct. scenery ; followed same business for several years, and thus acquired great readiness of hand and fertility of invention. About 1719 he went to Rome, where he occupied himself in studying the antique, and painted many views of its architectural remains. On his return to Venice he devoted himself to painting picturesque views of that city in all its aspects - it…
GAROFALO, IL, born in Ferrara in 1481, died there, Sept. 6, 1559. Lombard-Ferrarese school. Real name Benvenuto di Piero Tisi, but called Garofalo (Gilliflower) from his use of that flower as a device. Pupil of Domenico Panetti, of Niccolb Soriani, and of Boccacini, from whose studio he ran away to Rome (1499) and studied about a year under Giovanni Barrini. In 1502 he was in Mantua, where he must…
GUERCINO, IL, born at Cento, Feb. 8, 1591, died in Bologna, Dec. 22, 1666. Bolognese school. Real name Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, but called Guercino because he squinted. Son of a peasant and mostly self-taught, but studied the works of the Carracci ; afterward studied under Benedetto Gennari and later in Venice and Bologna. Went to Rome in 1621, returned Casa di Guercino, contains many of his w…
PADOVANINO, IL, born in Padua in German name on removing to Padua), a reputable painter and architect, who died when his son was six years old. Alessandro studied the frescos of Titian at Padua, and in 1614 went to Venice to study his other works. He soon became one of his most successful imitators, and if his design had equalled his colouring, he would have been one of the greatest painters of t…
SASSOFERRATO, IL, born in Sassofer rato, July 11, 1605, died in Rome, April 8, 1685. Roman school; real name Giovanni Battista Salvi ; son and pupil of Tarquinio Salvi, a mediocre painter of Sassoferrato ; went about 1629 to Naples, where he is supposed to have studied with Domenichino. He afterwards studied and copied the works of the great masters in Rome, and became in some sort the rival of C…
SODOMA, IL, Cavaliere, born at Vercelli, in Savoy, in 1477 (?), died in Siena, Feb. 15, 1549. Lombard and Sienese schools. Vasari says he had many nicknames, among others Mattaccio (crazy fellow), because he was noted as a lover of fun and of practical jests. Real name Giovanni Antonio Bazzi, wrongly called Razzi by Lanzi and others. Pupil of Martino Spanzotti, a mediocre painter of Casale ; studi…
SOJARO, IL. See Gatti. SOLARI() (Solari), ANDREA DA, born about 1458 at Solario, near Milan, died in Pavia about 1530. Lombard school ; called sometimes Andrea del Gobbo and Gobbo da Milano, from his brother Cristoforo (Solario) del Gobbo, sculptor and architect, and sometimes Andrea Milanese. Went about 1490 with his brother to Venice, and in 1495 painted there the Madonna, Brera, Milan, which sh…
VECCRIETTA, IL, born at Castiglione di Valdorcia in the Sienese territory in 1412 (?), died in Siena, June 6, 1480. Sienese schooL Real name Lorenzo di Pietro di Giovanni di Lando ; called IL Vecchietta (the little old man), perhaps from the age of many of his habitual models. Despite the dryness of his style he was highly esteemed during his lifetime, and stands among the best painters of the lat…
CONCEPTION, IMMACULATE (Fr., Conception ; Ital., Concepcion ; Sp., Concepcion ; Ger., Empfang,niss Maria). The pictorial representation of the doctrine that the Virgin came into the world free from the stain of original sin. By Murillo, Mrs. Wm. IL Aspinwall, New York ; canvas, H. 6 ft. 6 in. x 4 ft. 5 in. The Virgin, looking up to left, standing in hollow of crescent moon, with hands on breast ; …
ISABELLA, Sir John Everett Millais, Royal Institution, Liverpool ; canvas, H. 3 ft. 3 in. x 4 ft. 7i in. Scene from Keats's poem - " Isabella, or the Pot of Basil "founded on Boccaccio's story ; descriptive of the feelings of the two brothers on discovering the mutual love of Isabella and Lorenzo. This, the first Pre-Raphaelite picture by Millais, represents two rows of persons seated at table, ne…
AIVASOVSKI, IVAN CONSTANTINOVICH, born at Feodosia, Crimea, July 7, 1817. Marine painter, pupil of the St. Petersburg Academy, from 1833, and of Philippe Tanneur after the latter's arrival there in 1835. From 1837 he studied independently from nature, and in the same year exhibited six pictures which attracted the attention of the Emperor, who enabled him to travel in the Crimea and Mingrelia. He …
NORR, J17LIUS, born in Munich in 1827. Landscape and genre painter, pupil of Munich Academy ; then studied battle painting under Feodor Dietz, but abandoned it for landscape under J. G. Steffan ; travelled in Germany, Switzerland, and Upper Italy. Works : Spring on Sternberg Lake ; Potato-Harvest ; Landscape with Horsemen ; View on Chiem Lake ; Noon in a Quarry ; Rendezvous of Huntsmen ; Horse-Pon…
CORNELISZ, JACOB, born at Oostsanen about 1475-1480 (?), died at Amsterdam about 1555-1560 (?). Dutch school ; called also Jacob van Amsterdam, and Jan Walter van Assen ; history, portrait, and landscape painter ; earliest picture known dated 1506, and latest 1530. No particulars of his life. Among his pupils were his son Dirk (died 1567), a good portrait painter, and Jan Schoreel. Works : Madonna…
EECKHOUT, JACOB JOSEPH VAN DEN, born in Antwerp, Feb. 6, 1793, died in Paris in 1861. History, genre, and portrait painter, pupil of Antwerp Academy ; then practised sculpture, in which he obtained a prize in 1821 ; took up painting without a master, and in 1823 obtained the first prize in Ghent, and soon after a medal at Douai In 1831 settled at The Hague, where in 1839 he became director of the …
HACKERT, JACOB PHILIPP, born at Prenzlau, Brandenburg, Sept. 15, 1737, died at Careggi, near Florence, April 28, 1807. German school ; landscape painter, pupil of his father, Philipp, and in Berlin Academy of Le Sueur. After visiting Stralsund (1762), the Isle of Rugen, and Stockholm, he went to Paris in 1765, painted in Normandy, and rapidly acquired a name and wealth ; with his brother, Johann G…
TOORENVLIET, JACOB, barn at Leyden in 1641, died there in 1719. Dutch school ; history, genre, and portrait painter ; studied in Leyden and in Rome, whither he went in 1670 ; also lived for several years in Venice. Works : Old Woman Spinning (1667), Carlsruhe Gallery ; Butcher Shop (1677), Museum, Vienna ; Men with Books (6, five dated 1675, 1677), Man before Mirror (1676), two others (1679), seve…
OOST, JACOB VAN, the elder, born at Bruges about 1600, died there in 1671. Flemish school ; history, genre, and portrait painter, pupil of his brother Frans ; master of the guild in 1621 ; visited Italy, where be took for his model Annibale Carracci, although in realistic conception and colouring remaining essentially true to his native school Returned to Bruges in 1629. Painted large pictures wit…
RUISDAEL, JACOB VAN, born in Haarlem about 1625 (?), died there, buried, March 14, 1682. Dutch school ; landscape painter, son and pupil of hack van Ruisdael, probably also pupil of his uncle Salomon van Ruisdael ; became the greatest landscape painter of the Dutch school. In 1648 he joined the guild of St, Luke at Haarlem, and in 1659 obtained the rights of citizenship at , Amsterdam. Little appr…
BELLINI, JACOPO, born in Venice about 1400, died about 1464. Venetian school ; pupil of Gentile da Fabriano, whom lie accompanied in 1422 to Florence, where he was known as Jacopo di Venetia. On account of a personal encounter with a young Florentine he took service on the galleys of the state. Criminal charges were preferred against him in his absence, and on his return from sea he was imprisoned…
STELLA, JACQ1JES, born at Lyons in went to Florence in 1616, was employed by Cosmo IL de' Medici, and in 1623 to Rome, where he studied Raphael and the old masters, and was especially attracted by Pons-sin, whom he imitated. Returned to Paris in 1634, obtained a pension through Richelieu, became first painter to the king, and chevalier of St. Michael (1644), and trained a number of able artists. …
LECURIEUX, JACQUES JOSEPH, born at Dijon, Aug. 13, 1801. Genre painter, pupil in Dijon of Anatole Devosge, in Paris of Lethiere, and of the Ecole des Beaux Arts (1822-26). Medals : 3d class, 1844 ; 2d class, 1846. Works : Francis L at the Tomb of Jean sans Peur, St. Louis at Damietta, Death of Louis XI., Brigands disguised as Monks, Girl giving her Hair to the Poor, Resurrection of Jairus' Daughte…
JORDAENS, JAKOB, born in Antwerp, May 19, 1593, died there, Oct. 18, 1678. Flemish school ; history painter, scholar of Adam van Noort, whose daughter he married ; received as master in the painters' guild in 1615, and in the following year married Katherine, his master's daughter. Instead of going to Italy, he studied the pictures of the great Italian masters, especially Titian, at home, and beco…
BARRY, JAMES, born in Cork, Ireland, Oct. 11, 1741, died in London, Feb. 22, 1806. Studied in Dublin under Robert West ; went in 1765, by the aid of Edmund Burke, to Rome, where he remained five years. Though the pictures ex hibited on his return met with but moder. ate success, he became an A. R A. in 1772 and R. A. in 1773, and received in 1782 the appointment of professor of painting ; but his…
BERTRAND, JAMES, born at Lyons in 1825. History painter ; pupil of Perin and of Orsel, then studied in Rome ; a skilful, careful painter, with a graceful, harmonious style and much religious sentiment.. Medals: 3d class, 1861, 1863, 1869, 1878 ; L. of Honour, 1876. Works : Idyl (1857); St. Benedict taking Communion (1859), Lyons Society of Art; Conversion of St. Thais (1861), Lyons Museum; Brother…
HOOK, JAMES CLARKE, born in Lon don, Nov. 21, 1819. History, marine, and genre painter, pupil of Royal Academy in 1836 ; exhibited first picture, The Hard Task, in 1839 ; won in 1845 gold medal for best historical picture, Finding of the Body of Harold, and in 1846 the travelling studentship by his Rizpah, and went to Italy. Painted at first principally Italian subjects, but in 1854 began his ser…
SMTELTE, JAMES DAVID, born in New York, Jan. 16, 1833. Landscape painter, son of James Smillie, by whom he was educated as an engraver ; but in 1864 he turned his attention to painting, which he studied without a master. Sketched at different times among the great mountain ranges of the United States ; in 1862 made a short trip abroad. A fellow of the Painter-Etchers Society of London, member of …
LINNELL, JAMES THOMAS, contemporary. Landscape painter, son of John Linnell ; first exhibited at Royal Academy in 1850, Temptation in the Wilderness, and in 1851, Job and the Messengers. Works : Haymakers (1862) ; South Coast (1864) ; Ploughing (1868) ; Reaping (1870) ; Country Road (1873) ; Sunset over the Moors (1875) ; Dartmoor (1876) ; Cherry Blossoms (1877) ; Redstone Wood (1879) ; Clearing u…
HERREGOUTS, JAN BAPTIST, born in Gelders about 1640, died at Bruges in 1721. Flemish school ; history and portrait painter, brother of preceding, like whom he visited Italy, then entered the guild at Antwerp in 1673 ; removed to Bruges in 1682, and there became master of the guild in 1684. Works : Circumcision, Assumption, St. Ann's, Bruges; Presentation in the Temple, The Virgin and Saints kneeli…
BOTH, JAN, called the Italian, born at Utrecht, in 1610, died there after 1650. Dutch school. Jan and his brother Andries having learned the elements of painting from their fa ther, Dirck, glass painter, were apprenticed by him to Abraham Bloemart. The brothers travelled in France and Italy. At Rome, Jan imitated the style of Claude Lorrain and painted some excellent landscapes, in which Andries,…
BRUEGHEL, JAN, the younger, born in Antwerp, baptized Sept. 13, 1601, died after 1677. Flemish school ; son and pupil of Velvet Brueghel ; went to Italy in 1622, returned in 1625, little influenced by Italian art. Like his father, he remained essentially Flemish. He was for a long time unjustly ignored, as many of his pictures were attributed to his father. Rubens, Van Diepenbeeck, Van Tulden, and…
GLAUBER, JAN, called Polydor, born at Utrecht in 1646, died at Amsterdam or Schoonhoven in 1726. Dutch school; landscape painter, pupil of Berchem. After spending a year (1671) in Paris with the flower-painter, Picard, and two years in Lyons with Arij van der Libel, he went to Rome, in company with his brother, Jan Godlieb, and his sister, Diana, also a skilful artist, and was received under the n…
GRITTIER, JAN, born in Amsterdam in 1656, died in London in 1718. Dutch school ; landscape painter, pupil of Roeland Rogman, in whose atelier he became acquainted with Rembrandt, Ruysdael, Adriaan. van de Velde, and Lingelbach. In 1667 he went to London, where he painted Italian landscapes with ruins, and views of the Thames. As the latter found great favour, he bought a vessel in 1695 and sailed …
HOREMANS, JAN JOZEF, the elder, born at Antwerp, baptized Nov. 16, 1682, died there, Aug. 7, 1759. Flemish school ; genre painter, first instructed by the sculptor Michiel van der Voort, then pupil of Jan van Pee ; master of the guild in 1706. His pictures were skilfully composed, but heavy and untruthful in colouring. Works : Admission of an Abbot into Fencing Company, Antwerp Museum ; Musical Co…
MOLENAER, JAN MIENSE, born in Haarlem, died there, buried Sept. 19, 1668. Dutch school ; genre painter ; imitator, if not pupil, of Frans Hals, later influenced by Rembrandt. His pictures representing peasant life are animated, the colouring warm and clear. Works : Peasant Woman and Boy, Buckingham Palace, London ; Tailor's Shop, Earl of Shrewsbury, Alton Towers ; Dutch Interiors (2), Brussels Mus…
JANSSENS VAN NUYSSEN, ABRAHAM, born in Antwerp in 1575, died there, buried Jan. 25, 1632. Flemish school ; painter of religious subjects and allegories, pupil of Jan Snellinck, and studied in Italy ; in 1601 admitted to the guild, its dean in 1606-7. After Rubens, he was one of the most famous of the great Flemish painters of the 17th century. According to recent documentary discoveries the accoun…
STEEN, JAN, born in Leyden in 1626, died there, buried Feb. 3, 1679. Dutch school; genre painter, pupil at Utrecht of Nicolas Knupfer, and at the Hague of Jan van Goyen, whose daughter he married in 1649 ; developed under the influence of Frans Hals and Adriaan van Ostade. Lived for some time in Haarlem before 1648, when received into the guild of Leyden ; went to The Hague in 1649, lived there u…
SWERTS, JAN, born in Antwerp, Dec. 25, 1825, died at Marienbad, Bohemia, Aug. 11, 1879. History painter, pupil of Antwerp Academy under N. de Keyser, and intimately allied with Guffens in raising Belgian art to its high standard ; became director of the Prague Academy in 1874. Honorary member of Munich and Dresden Academies, and of German Art Union in 1859 ; of Amsterdam Academy, 1861 ; correspond…
HOECKE, JAN VAN DEN, born in Antwerp, baptized Aug. 4, 1611, died there in 1651. Flemish school ; history and portrait painter, son and pupil of Kasper van den Hoecke (master of Antwerp guild, 1603), then pupil of Rubens. He visited Italy, and on his return executed many works for the court at Vienna. Settled in Antwerp as court-painter to Archduke Leopold William in 1647. Good draughtsman and ple…
EYCK, JAN VAN, born at Maaseyck about 1381, died in Bruges July 9, 1440. Flemish school. Jan and his elder brother Hubert are supposed to have been court - painters to Philip de Charolois, gundy, who, with his wife, Michelle de France, resided at Ghent between 1418 and 1421. In October, 1422, Jan entered the service of Duke John of Bavaria as " painter and varlet," at The Hague, and after his deat…
GOYEN, JAN VAN, born at Leyden, Jan. great repute, and made a tour through France. In 1618 settled in Leyden and married ; in 1631 removed to The Hague, where in 1640 he was president of the guild. The date 1657, on a picture which he left unfinished at the time of his death, was added by his son-in-law, Jan Steen, who painted in the figures. Works : View of Nymwegen, Grosvenor Gallery, London ; …
HUYSUM, JAN VAN, born in Amster dam, April 15, 1682, died there, Feb. 8, 1749. Dutch school ; flower and fruit painter, son and pupil of Justus van Huysum, whom he assisted in executing various subjects, but his great talent for flower and fruit painting caused him to devote himself exclusively to this branch of art, in which he formed himself after De Heem and Mignon. Brilliant effects of light,…
KESSEL, JAN VAN, the elder, born in Antwerp, April 5, 1626, died there, April 1 7 , 1 6 7 9 . Flemish school ; flower, fruit, and animal painter, son of Jeroom van Kessel, pupil of Simon , de Vos and of Jan Brueghel, the younger ; master of the guild in 1644. Works : Garland around Holy Family, Louvre ; Fruit-piece (1653), Bordeaux Museum ; Concert of Birds, Antwerp Museum ; do., and Fable of Fox…
OS, JAN VAN, born at Middelharnis, baptized Feb. 23, 1744, died at The Hague, Feb. 7, 1808. Fruit and flower painter, pupil of Aart Schouman, but took Jan van Huysum entirely for his model, and in his best works equalled him in colouring. He also painted good marines. Was director of the Academy of Belles Lettres at The Hague, and author of several books. Works : Fruit and Flowers, National Galler…
WEENIX, JAN, born in Amsterdam, Dec., 1640, died there, Sept. 20, 1719. Dutch school ; animal, landscape, still-life, and portrait painter, son and pupil of Jan Baptista, and, like him, painted also seaports, architecture, and figures with equal excellence. In 1702-12 he painted for the Elector John William, in his Castle Bens-berg, near Cologne, a series of hunting and animal pieces which belong …